Determinantes do consumo de água no processo produtivo da indústria de alimentos e bebidas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Estudos sobre o consumo da água vêm ganhando cada vez mais importância no Brasil e no Mundo. A busca por sustentabilidade aliada aos constantes casos de escassez de água tem elevado essa importância. Com isso, são muitas as atividades econômicas atingidas pela escassez desse recurso, principalmente aquelas em que a água é considerada um dos principais insumos, como a indústria de alimentos e bebidas. Portanto, procurar entender fatores capazes de afetar a redução do uso da água em uma indústria que tem grande representatividade na indústria brasileira é fundamental para busca mais eficiência no uso desse recurso natural. Para isso, foi utilizando o método probit multinível, com o objetivo de analisar como os fatores relacionados a gastos com P&D, apoio do governo em inovação, regionais, tamanho da empresa, capital estrangeiro, capacitação tecnológica, localização da matriz e origem das fontes de informações foram capazes de afetar a probabilidade de redução do consumo de água na indústria de alimentos e bebidas no período 2012-2014. Dentre os resultados pode-se destacar a importância do investimento em P&D na redução do consumo de água, mostrando como o investimento em inovação é capaz de gerar eficiência no uso da água na indústria analisada. Além disso, outro fator relevante foi o apoio do governo, indicando a continuidade e amplificação do mesmo como estratégia capaz de tornar mais eficiente o uso de água no processo de produção da indústria em questão. Por fim, é importante destacar que apesar das empresas de bebidas e de alimentos serem diferentes em seus processos produtivos, os fatores analisados afetam de maneira semelhante esse dois tipos de setores. Com isso, pode-se concluir que politicas públicas voltadas para redução do consumo de água podem ter o mesmo efeito para os dois setores e, além disso, esse resultado indica que nessa indústria, as empresas podem copiar estratégias internas de uso mais eficiente da água de um setor para o outro. Palavras-chave: Água. Inovação. Indústria.
Studies on water consumption are becoming increasingly important in Brazil and worldwide. The search for sustainability combined with the constant cases of water scarcity has raised this importance. Thus, there are many economic activities affected by the scarcity of this resource, especially those in which water is considered one of the main inputs, such as the food and beverage industry. Therefore, seeking to understand factors that may affect the reduction of water use in an industry that is highly representative in the Brazilian industry is fundamental to the search for more efficient use of this natural resource. For this, it was using the multilevel probit method, with the objective of analyzing how the factors related to R&D expenditures, government support in innovation, regional, company size, foreign capital, technological qualification, matrix location and source of This information was able to affect the likelihood of reduced water consumption in the food and beverage industry over the period 2012-2014. Among the results we can highlight the importance of investment in R&D in reducing water consumption, showing how investment in innovation can generate efficiency in water use in the analyzed industry. In addition, another relevant factor was government support, indicating its continuity and amplification as a strategy capable of making water use more efficient in the production process of the industry in question. Finally, it is important to highlight that although the food and beverage companies are different in their production processes, the factors analyzed similarly affect these two types of sectors. Thus, it can be concluded that public policies aimed at reducing water consumption can have the same effect for both sectors and, moreover, this result indicates that in this industry, companies can copy internal strategies for more efficient use of water. from one sector to the other. Keywords: Water. Innovation. Industry.
Studies on water consumption are becoming increasingly important in Brazil and worldwide. The search for sustainability combined with the constant cases of water scarcity has raised this importance. Thus, there are many economic activities affected by the scarcity of this resource, especially those in which water is considered one of the main inputs, such as the food and beverage industry. Therefore, seeking to understand factors that may affect the reduction of water use in an industry that is highly representative in the Brazilian industry is fundamental to the search for more efficient use of this natural resource. For this, it was using the multilevel probit method, with the objective of analyzing how the factors related to R&D expenditures, government support in innovation, regional, company size, foreign capital, technological qualification, matrix location and source of This information was able to affect the likelihood of reduced water consumption in the food and beverage industry over the period 2012-2014. Among the results we can highlight the importance of investment in R&D in reducing water consumption, showing how investment in innovation can generate efficiency in water use in the analyzed industry. In addition, another relevant factor was government support, indicating its continuity and amplification as a strategy capable of making water use more efficient in the production process of the industry in question. Finally, it is important to highlight that although the food and beverage companies are different in their production processes, the factors analyzed similarly affect these two types of sectors. Thus, it can be concluded that public policies aimed at reducing water consumption can have the same effect for both sectors and, moreover, this result indicates that in this industry, companies can copy internal strategies for more efficient use of water. from one sector to the other. Keywords: Water. Innovation. Industry.
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FREITAS, Hugo Deleon de. Determinantes do consumo de água no processo produtivo da indústria de alimentos e bebidas. 2019. 58 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
