Impactos da poluição industrial na economia brasileira
Arquivos
Data
2001-05-18
Autores
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ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Com a introdução e a aplicação do método de análise da estrutura produtiva proposto por Leontief, muitos estudos procuram demonstrar os elos de ligação interna e o processo de interdependência que se observa entre os diferentes setores da economia. Com base na versão ampliada da estrutura analítica proposta por Leontief para a análise da repercussão da poluição industrial, foram analisados os diferentes efeitos da poluição industrial na economia brasileira. Para isso, foram estimados os níveis de diferentes componentes da poluição da água e do ar e seus respectivos custos de controle para o caso brasileiro, com base nos indicadores de intensidade e custos médios obtidos da base de dados IPPS do Banco Mundial. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se consistentes com os objetivos delineados de determinar os impactos da internalização dos custos e da quantidade de poluição na economia e de verificar os impactos de alternativas políticas econômicas no meio ambiente, em especial sobre a capacidade de geração e controle da poluição. Observou-se que os setores de siderurgia e metalurgia, alimentos processados, têxteis, couros, calçados e vestuários, madeira, papel e celulose, extrativo mineral, química e petroquímica apresentaram os maiores efeitos de interdependência na economia, em termos de multiplicadores de produção e renda. Entretanto, para atender ao desenvolvimento de um programa de controle da poluição industrial, procedeu-se à estimativa dos custos e posterior internalização ao modelo de insumo-produto, na suposição de que os agregados produtivos devam adotar "tecnologias limpas", acarretando investimentos em atividades de controle. Os setores mais intensivos nas emissões de poluição foram siderurgia e metalurgia, química e petroquímica e outras indústrias, sendo os dois primeiros mais dinâmicos e de maior campo de influência na economia. Em relação aos custos estimados para os programas de controle, foram determinados maiores custos para componentes SO 2 , elementos tóxicos do ar, NO 2 , componentes orgânicos voláteis (COV) e poluentes da água.
With the introduction and the application of the method of analysis of the productive structure proposed by Leontief, many studies try to demonstrate the connection links and the interdependence process that is observed among the different sections from economy. Based on the enlarged version of the analytic structure proposed by Leontief for analysis of the repercussion of the industrial pollution, the different effects of the industrial pollution were analyzed in the Brazilian economy. For that, they were dear the levels of different components of the water pollution and air pollution and its respective control costs for the Brazilian case, based in the intensity indicators and costs obtained of the data- base IPPS of the World Bank. The results were shown consistent with the delineated objectives of determining the impacts of costs and amounts of pollution in the economy. The impacts of economic political alternatives on environment, especially, on the generation capacity and control was observed. The metallurgy, textile, leathers, footwears and clothes, wood, paper and cellulose, extractive mineral and chemistry sectors presented the largest interdependence effects in the economy in terms of production and income multipliers. However, to assist the development of a program of industrial pollution control, it was proceeded the estimate of the costs and its including to the input-output model, in the supposition that the productive structure should adopt " clean " technologies, being carted in investments in control activities. The most intensive sections in the pollution emissions went to metallurgy, chemistry and other industries, the two first, more dynamic and of larger influence field in the Brazilian economy. In relation to the costs for control programs, they were larger for SO 2 , toxicant air elements, NO 2 , volatile organic components (COV) and water pollution components.
With the introduction and the application of the method of analysis of the productive structure proposed by Leontief, many studies try to demonstrate the connection links and the interdependence process that is observed among the different sections from economy. Based on the enlarged version of the analytic structure proposed by Leontief for analysis of the repercussion of the industrial pollution, the different effects of the industrial pollution were analyzed in the Brazilian economy. For that, they were dear the levels of different components of the water pollution and air pollution and its respective control costs for the Brazilian case, based in the intensity indicators and costs obtained of the data- base IPPS of the World Bank. The results were shown consistent with the delineated objectives of determining the impacts of costs and amounts of pollution in the economy. The impacts of economic political alternatives on environment, especially, on the generation capacity and control was observed. The metallurgy, textile, leathers, footwears and clothes, wood, paper and cellulose, extractive mineral and chemistry sectors presented the largest interdependence effects in the economy in terms of production and income multipliers. However, to assist the development of a program of industrial pollution control, it was proceeded the estimate of the costs and its including to the input-output model, in the supposition that the productive structure should adopt " clean " technologies, being carted in investments in control activities. The most intensive sections in the pollution emissions went to metallurgy, chemistry and other industries, the two first, more dynamic and of larger influence field in the Brazilian economy. In relation to the costs for control programs, they were larger for SO 2 , toxicant air elements, NO 2 , volatile organic components (COV) and water pollution components.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Poluição industrial, Poluição da água e do ar, Economia
Citação
MATA, Henrique Tomé da Costa. Impactos da poluição industrial na economia brasileira. 2001. 179 f. Tese (Doutorado em Economia Rural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2001.