Avaliação do proteinograma e da bioquímica sérica em cabras com mastite subclínica experimental e submetidas a intervenções terapêuticas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A mastite é uma das principais causas de prejuízos na caprinocultura leiteira, de forma que os Staphylococcus sp. têm se destacado nos últimos anos como causadores da afecção em caprinos, porém, informações sobre a patogenicidade e efeitos sistêmicos da mastite subclínica (MSC) ainda são escassas. O objetivo desta dissertação foi investigar proteinograma e bioquímica no soro sanguíneo de cabras com mastite subclínica, e que foram posteriormente submetidas ao transplante de microbiota de leite (TML) seguido pela infusão de 7-epiclusianona por via intramamária. Além disso, um levantamento por meio de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise sobre o proteinograma sérico de pequenos ruminantes hígidos também foi realizado. Amostras de soro de seis cabras lactentes primíparas foram submetidas à eletroforese de zona capilar para o fracionamento proteico, assim como para avaliação dos parâmetros de função renal, enzimas hepáticas, lipídeos e minerais. A análise estatística realizada através do teste Anova One-Way com post- hoc de Tukey (p < 0,05), que comparou as fases do estudo: baseline, fase de infeção (dias 1-7), TML (dias 10-20) seguido pela infusão de 7-epiclusianona (dias 22-28) e período de resiliência (dias 30-38). A mastite subclínica causou impactos no proteinograma após a infecção, caracterizados pela elevação das frações de 2 e 1, aumento da fração de 2 durante o TML e da proteína e globulinas totais durante o tratamento com 7-epiclusianona (p<0,05). Dentre os parâmetros bioquímicos, observou-se variação dos triglicerídeos (p = 0,032) e redução do magnésio (p = 0,007). No TML houve redução da concentração de ureia, creatinina, magnésio e cálcio, enquanto o tratamento com 7-epiclusianona resultou em aumento das enzimas GGT e FA. Durante a resiliência apresentou estabilidade das enzimas hepáticas e cálcio, e diminuição do magnésio. Um padrão de resposta tardio imune é descrito na MSC, a qual é associada a uma resposta humoral mais lenta em comparação à mastite clínica. A elevação de substratos lipídicos e magnésio após a infecção pode estar associada à mobilização de recursos atrelados à reação inflamatória. Por outro lado, o aumento das enzimas hepáticas durante o tratamento com 7-epiclusianona foi seguido por rápida recuperação durante a resiliência. A revisão sistemática reuniu ao todo vinte e quatro estudos elegíveis, totalizando 884 animais. Foi observado que houve diferenças na concentração sérica da proteína total entre pequenos ruminantes, assim como variações importantes na distribuição das frações globulínicas entre os estudos. Além disso, a eletroforese utilizando o suporte de acetato de celulose foi a técnica mais utilizada na obtenção do proteinograma sérico. Conclui-se que a mastite por Staphylococcus warneri promoveu alterações no proteinograma e na bioquímica sérica. Além disso, os tratamentos empregados também foram capazes de repercutir em nível sistêmico, porém, sem prejuízos à homeostase orgânica, evidenciando o TML e 7-epiclusianona como métodos de tratamento alternativos potenciais da MSC em cabras. Palavras-chave: caprinocultura; Staphylococcus; soro; terapia; úbere.
Mastitis is one of the leading causes of economic losses in dairy goat farming, and Staphylococcus spp. have emerged in recent years as important etiological agents of the disease in goats. However, information regarding the pathogenicity and systemic effects of subclinical mastitis (SCM) remains scarce. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the serum proteinogram and biochemical profile of goats with subclinical mastitis that were subsequently subjected to milk microbiota transplantation (MMT) followed by intramammary infusion of 7-epiclusianone. In addition, a survey through a systematic review with meta-analysis on the serum proteinogram of healthy small ruminants was also conducted. Serum samples from six primiparous lactating goats were subjected to capillary zone electrophoresis for protein fractionation, as well as evaluation of renal function parameters, hepatic enzymes, lipids, and minerals. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (p < 0.05), comparing the study phases: baseline, infection phase (days 1–7), MMT (days 10–20) followed by 7-epiclusianone infusion (days 22–28), and resilience period (days 30–38). Subclinical mastitis caused changes in the proteinogram after infection, characterized by increased 2 and 1 fractions, elevation of the 2 fraction during MMT, and increased total protein and globulin concentrations during treatment with 7-epiclusianone (p < 0.05). Among the biochemical parameters, variations in triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.032) and a reduction in magnesium levels (p = 0.007) were observed. During MMT, reductions in urea, creatinine, magnesium, and calcium concentrations were detected, whereas treatment with 7-epiclusianone resulted in increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. During the resilience period, hepatic enzyme and calcium concentrations remained stable, while magnesium levels decreased. A delayed immune response pattern has been described in SCM, which is associated with a slower humoral response compared to clinical mastitis. The increase in lipid substrates and magnesium following infection may be associated with the mobilization of resources linked to the inflammatory response. Conversely, the elevation in hepatic enzymes during treatment with 7-epiclusianone was followed by rapid recovery during the resilience period. The systematic review included a total of twenty-four eligible studies, comprising 884 animals. Differences in serum total protein concentrations among small ruminants were observed, as well as important variations in the distribution of globulin fractions across studies. Furthermore, electrophoresis using cellulose acetate support was the most commonly employed technique for obtaining the serum proteinogram. In conclusion, mastitis caused by Staphylococcus warneri promoted alterations in the serum proteinogram and biochemical profile. In addition, the treatments employed were also capable of inducing systemic effects without impairing organic homeostasis, highlighting MMT and 7-epiclusianone as potential alternative therapeutic approaches for subclinical mastitis in goats. Keywords: goat farming; Staphylococcus; serum; therapy; udder.
Mastitis is one of the leading causes of economic losses in dairy goat farming, and Staphylococcus spp. have emerged in recent years as important etiological agents of the disease in goats. However, information regarding the pathogenicity and systemic effects of subclinical mastitis (SCM) remains scarce. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the serum proteinogram and biochemical profile of goats with subclinical mastitis that were subsequently subjected to milk microbiota transplantation (MMT) followed by intramammary infusion of 7-epiclusianone. In addition, a survey through a systematic review with meta-analysis on the serum proteinogram of healthy small ruminants was also conducted. Serum samples from six primiparous lactating goats were subjected to capillary zone electrophoresis for protein fractionation, as well as evaluation of renal function parameters, hepatic enzymes, lipids, and minerals. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (p < 0.05), comparing the study phases: baseline, infection phase (days 1–7), MMT (days 10–20) followed by 7-epiclusianone infusion (days 22–28), and resilience period (days 30–38). Subclinical mastitis caused changes in the proteinogram after infection, characterized by increased 2 and 1 fractions, elevation of the 2 fraction during MMT, and increased total protein and globulin concentrations during treatment with 7-epiclusianone (p < 0.05). Among the biochemical parameters, variations in triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.032) and a reduction in magnesium levels (p = 0.007) were observed. During MMT, reductions in urea, creatinine, magnesium, and calcium concentrations were detected, whereas treatment with 7-epiclusianone resulted in increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. During the resilience period, hepatic enzyme and calcium concentrations remained stable, while magnesium levels decreased. A delayed immune response pattern has been described in SCM, which is associated with a slower humoral response compared to clinical mastitis. The increase in lipid substrates and magnesium following infection may be associated with the mobilization of resources linked to the inflammatory response. Conversely, the elevation in hepatic enzymes during treatment with 7-epiclusianone was followed by rapid recovery during the resilience period. The systematic review included a total of twenty-four eligible studies, comprising 884 animals. Differences in serum total protein concentrations among small ruminants were observed, as well as important variations in the distribution of globulin fractions across studies. Furthermore, electrophoresis using cellulose acetate support was the most commonly employed technique for obtaining the serum proteinogram. In conclusion, mastitis caused by Staphylococcus warneri promoted alterations in the serum proteinogram and biochemical profile. In addition, the treatments employed were also capable of inducing systemic effects without impairing organic homeostasis, highlighting MMT and 7-epiclusianone as potential alternative therapeutic approaches for subclinical mastitis in goats. Keywords: goat farming; Staphylococcus; serum; therapy; udder.
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MOREIRA, Danielly Dias. Avaliação do proteinograma e da bioquímica sérica em cabras com mastite subclínica experimental e submetidas a intervenções terapêuticas. 2026. 117 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
