O que determina o investimento em teias da aranha Cryptachaea migrans: condição nutricional ou personalidade?
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A Teoria do Forrageamento Ótimo (TFO) prevê que os animais ajustam suas estratégias de forrageio para maximizar o ganho energético. Entretanto, a TFO raramente considera o efeito de características individuais, como condição nutricional e a personalidade dos animais, nas decisões de forrageio. A condição nutricional e a personalidade podem modificar as decisões comportamentais durante o processo de forrageio, o que pode alterar o limiar de risco que os animais estão dispostos a aceitar em função dos benefícios energéticos potenciais. Aranhas apresentam variações em diversas características individuais, como na condição nutricional e nos traços de personalidade, o que torna esses organismos excelentes modelos para testar como esses fatores podem influenciar as predições da TFO. As teias utilizadas como armadilhas pelas aranhas funcionam como uma medida direta de investimento em forrageio e representam um alto custo energético para os indivíduos. Neste estudo, avaliamos se o investimento realizado por indivíduos da aranha Cryptachaea migrans (Theridiidae) na construção de teias é determinado pela condição nutricional ou por traços de personalidade relacionados com a ousadia dos indivíduos. A condição nutricional dos indivíduos foi representada pela massa de gordura residual, que foi avaliada em laboratório. Como ousadia dos indivíduos, mensuramos o tempo de imobilidade de cada indivíduo em um novo ambiente, mediante uma situação de risco. Observamos que aranhas com menor proporção de gordura corporal apresentaram maior investimento em fios adesivos, mas não encontramos relação entre o número de fios e a ousadia dos indivíduos. Esses resultados sugerem que aranhas com baixas condições nutricionais aumentam seu investimento em forrageio, possivelmente como uma estratégia para aumentar as chances de captura de presas e suprir suas necessidades energéticas. Além disso, sugerimos que aranhas com maior reserva de gordura podem reduzir seu investimento e realocar energia para outras demandas. Em relação a personalidade, observamos que alguns indivíduos tímidos ou ousados adotaram estratégias que resultaram em decisões não vantajosas do ponto de vista do balanço energético, assumindo maiores riscos e custos em relação ao retorno energético, contrariando os pressupostos da TFO. Os resultados deste estudo destacam a importância de considerar atributos individuais em modelos que investigam as estratégias de maximização energética durante o forrageio dos animais. Palavras-chave: Aranhas; Condição nutricional; Forrageio; Personalidade; Teia
The Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) predicts that animals adjust their foraging strategies to maximize energetic gain. However, OFT rarely considers the effect of individual traits, such as nutritional condition and personality, on foraging decisions. Nutritional condition and personality may influence behavioral decisions during foraging, potentially altering the risk threshold that individuals are willing to accept in relation to potential energetic benefits. Spiders display variation in several individual traits, such as nutritional condition and personality, making them a valuable model for testing how these factors can affect OFT predictions. Webs used as traps by spiders function as a direct measure of foraging investment and represent a high energetic cost. In this study, we evaluated whether the investment in web construction by individuals of the spider Cryptachaea migrans (Theridiidae) is influenced by their nutritional condition or by personality traits related to boldness. Nutritional condition was represented by residual fat mass, measured under laboratory conditions. Boldness was measured as the duration of immobility in a new environment under a simulated risk situation. We observed that spiders with lower fat reserves invested more in adhesive threads, while no relationship was found between thread investment and boldness. These results suggest that spiders in poor nutritional condition increase their foraging investment, possibly as a strategy to increase prey capture and meet their energetic demands. Furthermore, we suggest that individuals with greater fat reserves may reduce foraging investment and reallocate energy to other demands. Regarding personality, we observed that some bold or shy individuals adopted decisions that were not energetically advantageous, taking higher risks and costs for relatively low energetic returns, which contradicts OFT assumptions. Our findings highlight the importance of considering individual-level traits in models that investigate energy-maximization strategies in animal foraging. Keywords: Spiders; Nutritional condition; Foraging; Personality ; Web
The Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) predicts that animals adjust their foraging strategies to maximize energetic gain. However, OFT rarely considers the effect of individual traits, such as nutritional condition and personality, on foraging decisions. Nutritional condition and personality may influence behavioral decisions during foraging, potentially altering the risk threshold that individuals are willing to accept in relation to potential energetic benefits. Spiders display variation in several individual traits, such as nutritional condition and personality, making them a valuable model for testing how these factors can affect OFT predictions. Webs used as traps by spiders function as a direct measure of foraging investment and represent a high energetic cost. In this study, we evaluated whether the investment in web construction by individuals of the spider Cryptachaea migrans (Theridiidae) is influenced by their nutritional condition or by personality traits related to boldness. Nutritional condition was represented by residual fat mass, measured under laboratory conditions. Boldness was measured as the duration of immobility in a new environment under a simulated risk situation. We observed that spiders with lower fat reserves invested more in adhesive threads, while no relationship was found between thread investment and boldness. These results suggest that spiders in poor nutritional condition increase their foraging investment, possibly as a strategy to increase prey capture and meet their energetic demands. Furthermore, we suggest that individuals with greater fat reserves may reduce foraging investment and reallocate energy to other demands. Regarding personality, we observed that some bold or shy individuals adopted decisions that were not energetically advantageous, taking higher risks and costs for relatively low energetic returns, which contradicts OFT assumptions. Our findings highlight the importance of considering individual-level traits in models that investigate energy-maximization strategies in animal foraging. Keywords: Spiders; Nutritional condition; Foraging; Personality ; Web
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SILVA, Gleydson Emílio. O que determina o investimento em teias da aranha Cryptachaea migrans: condição nutricional ou personalidade? . 2025. 27 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
