Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de cultivares de soja colhidas em diferentes épocas e horários
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Data
2008-02-29
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de horários e épocas de colheita associada a cultivares, sobre a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de soja. Foram avaliados cinco horários (8, 10, 12, 14 e 16 horas) e duas épocas de colheita (R8 e R8 + 15 dias) em quatorze cultivares de soja (Conquista, Vencedora, Sambaíba, Garantia, UFV 16, UFV 18, UFVTN 102, UFVS 2005, UFVS 2006, UFVS 2008, UFVS 2011, UFVS 2012, UFVS 2015 e UFVS 2018). Após a colheita, as sementes oriundas de cada tratamento foram separadas em dois lotes. Para avaliação dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de variância no esquema fatorial 14 x 2 x 5, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Na interpretação dos resultados, foram feitos também os agrupamentos das cultivares pelo método da ligação média, baseado na distância euclidiana padronizada, por meio dos resultados dos testes de germinação, vigor, tetrazólio e sanidade realizados nos dois lotes de sementes. No teste do tetrazólio, as sementes com viabilidade (sementes vivas) foram obtidas nas classes de 1 a 5 e o vigor das sementes nas classes de 1 a 3. As causas da perda da viabilidade foram avaliadas pela média da porcentagem das classes de 1 a 8, sendo classificadas em danos mecânicos, por umidade e por percevejo. O primeiro lote de sementes foi utilizado para os testes de germinação, emergência em leito de areia, envelhecimento acelerado, tetrazólio e sanidade. O segundo lote foi mantido por seis meses em condição ambiente, sendo, após este período, submetido ao teste de germinação, emergência em leito de areia e envelhecimento acelerado. Dos resultados obtidos após a colheita em campo, verificou-se que as cultivares Sambaíba, UFVS 2005, UFVS 2012 e UFVS 2015 foram as que apresentaram maior potencial de germinação e vigor nas três avaliações. Após o período de armazenamento, as sementes que tiveram melhor potencial de germinação e vigor foram a UFVS 2008, UFVS 2012, UFVS 2015 e UFVS 2018. Observou-se que o estádio de colheita foi mais prejudicial à germinação e ao vigor das sementes do que os horários. Pelo teste do tetrazólio, verificou-se que as menores porcentagens de danos mecânicos foram obtidas quando as sementes foram colhidas em R8 + 15 dias, no período da tarde, e que o retardamento da colheita parece ter aumentado o dano por umidade. Na avaliação da qualidade sanitária das sementes, observou-se que os fungos mais freqüentes foram Fusarium sp. e Phomopsis sp., tendo a incidência de Phomopsis sp. e do total de fungos aumentado com o retardamento da colheita. A UFV 16, entre as cultivares avaliadas, foi a que apresentou maior incidência de fungos em todos os horários e épocas avaliados. O agrupamento das cultivares possibilitou identificar grupos para seleção com melhor qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the time of the day and harvest time on seed sanitary quality of soybean cultivars. Five different times of the day (8:00 and 10:00 am, and 12:00, 2:00 and 4:00 pm) and two harvest times (R8 and R8 + 15 days) in association with fourteen cultivars (Conquista, Vencedora, Sambaiba, Garantia,, UVF 16, UFV 18, UFVTN 102, UFVS 2005, UFVS 2006, UFVS 2008, UFVS 2011, UFVS 2012, UFVS 2015 and UFVS 2018). After harvest, seeds from each treatment were separated into two lots. Data were examined using analysis of variance in a 14 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, in a complete randomized design, with four repetitions. Results were also interpreted through cultivar clustering using the average linkage method based on the standardized Euclidean distance with results from germination, vigor, tetrazolium and sanitary tests performed with the two seed lots. In the tetrazolium test, the viable seeds (live seeds) were within classes 1 to 5, and seed vigor was within classes 1 to 3. Causes of seed viability loss were evaluated by the mean percentage of classes 1 to 8, being separated into mechanic, moisture and stinkbug damages. The first seed lot was used for germination, emergence in sand bed, accelerated aging, tetrazolium and sanitary tests. The second lot was stored for six months in ambient conditions and then undergone the same germination, emergence in sand bed and accelerated aging tests. The results obtained after field harvest showed that cultivars Sambaíba, UFVS 2005, UFVS 2012 and UFVS 2015 had the highest potential for germination and vigor in the three evaluations. After the storage period, the seeds with the best potential for germination and vigor were UFVS 2008, UFVS 2012, UFVS 2015 and UFVS 2018. The harvest stage caused more damage to germination and vigor than the times of the day. The tetrazolium test indicated that the smallest percentages of mechanic damages occurred when seeds were harvested at R8 + 15 days in the afternoon, and that the harvest delay seemed to have increased the damage by moisture. The sanitary evaluation showed that the most frequent fungi were Fusarium sp. and Phomopsis sp., and incidence of Phomopsis sp. and total fungi increased with harvest delay. Among the evaluated cultivars, UFV6 showed the highest incidence of fungi at all times of the day and harvest times. The clustering of cultivars allowed the identification of groups for selection with higher physiological and sanitary quality of seeds.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the time of the day and harvest time on seed sanitary quality of soybean cultivars. Five different times of the day (8:00 and 10:00 am, and 12:00, 2:00 and 4:00 pm) and two harvest times (R8 and R8 + 15 days) in association with fourteen cultivars (Conquista, Vencedora, Sambaiba, Garantia,, UVF 16, UFV 18, UFVTN 102, UFVS 2005, UFVS 2006, UFVS 2008, UFVS 2011, UFVS 2012, UFVS 2015 and UFVS 2018). After harvest, seeds from each treatment were separated into two lots. Data were examined using analysis of variance in a 14 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, in a complete randomized design, with four repetitions. Results were also interpreted through cultivar clustering using the average linkage method based on the standardized Euclidean distance with results from germination, vigor, tetrazolium and sanitary tests performed with the two seed lots. In the tetrazolium test, the viable seeds (live seeds) were within classes 1 to 5, and seed vigor was within classes 1 to 3. Causes of seed viability loss were evaluated by the mean percentage of classes 1 to 8, being separated into mechanic, moisture and stinkbug damages. The first seed lot was used for germination, emergence in sand bed, accelerated aging, tetrazolium and sanitary tests. The second lot was stored for six months in ambient conditions and then undergone the same germination, emergence in sand bed and accelerated aging tests. The results obtained after field harvest showed that cultivars Sambaíba, UFVS 2005, UFVS 2012 and UFVS 2015 had the highest potential for germination and vigor in the three evaluations. After the storage period, the seeds with the best potential for germination and vigor were UFVS 2008, UFVS 2012, UFVS 2015 and UFVS 2018. The harvest stage caused more damage to germination and vigor than the times of the day. The tetrazolium test indicated that the smallest percentages of mechanic damages occurred when seeds were harvested at R8 + 15 days in the afternoon, and that the harvest delay seemed to have increased the damage by moisture. The sanitary evaluation showed that the most frequent fungi were Fusarium sp. and Phomopsis sp., and incidence of Phomopsis sp. and total fungi increased with harvest delay. Among the evaluated cultivars, UFV6 showed the highest incidence of fungi at all times of the day and harvest times. The clustering of cultivars allowed the identification of groups for selection with higher physiological and sanitary quality of seeds.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soja, Semente, Vigor, Viabilidade, Tetrazólio, Soybean, Seeds, Vigour, Viability, Tetrazolium
Citação
TOLEDO, Márcia Ribeiro. Sanitary quality of soybean seeds harvested at different times of the day and harvest times. 2008. 93 f. Tese (Doutorado em Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2008.