Familismo e BPC: a relação entre o Estado e as famílias nos cuidados à pessoa idosa e pessoa com deficiência
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Historicamente, no Brasil, a proteção social foi construída mediante o compartilhamento de responsabilidades do Estado, mercado e sociedade civil, leia- se família, especialmente na construção da Seguridade Social associado à responsabilização familiar, conforme marcado por Moraes et. al (2020), apontando assim para o caráter familista da proteção social. Dentre os aspectos centrais da responsabilização familiar, encontra-se o cuidado não remunerado exercido pelo núcleo familiar, com especial destaque para as mulheres, de acordo com Minayo (2021). Objetiva-se então analisar a relação entre Estado e as famílias de usuários do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) em situação de dependência, refletindo sobre a relação entre o cuidado não remunerado aos cuidadores de familiares. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo sobre a constituição da formação social brasileira e a proteção social ofertada historicamente, a fim de demonstrar o processo histórico do familismo no Brasil. Logo em seguida, analisou-se o cuidado com pessoas idosas e com deficiência assumidos pelo Estado brasileiro com a finalidade de identificar a interface com a solidariedade/responsabilização familiar, bem como descrever a evolução normativa do BPC com o objetivo de identificar como se dá o processo de responsabilização familiar com os usuários. Por fim, são analisadas quais as políticas públicas e os recursos que os/as cuidadores/as entrevistados encontram em seus municípios. Parte-se da hipótese que, sendo o BPC um programa familista, ao longo dos anos, este vem atuando no sentido de compartilhamento de responsabilidades entre Estado, mercado e família, sendo esta última a maior responsável em relação ao cuidado, com destaque para as mulheres, e que esta responsabilização não vem acompanhada de um suporte por parte do Estado para que, tanto os cuidadores/as quanto usuários/as exerçam o direito à proteção social com garantias de uma vida digna. Portanto, trata-se de uma pesquisa de nível descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como coleta de dados entrevistas semi-estruturadas com amostragem não probabilística com os/as cuidadores/as de municípios de pequeno porte I e II, médio e grande porte da Zona da Mata mineira. Os dados confirmam a hipótese levantada, bem como pontuam as diferenças no acesso à Seguridade Social nos diferentes municípios. Palavras-chave: familismo; seguridade social; cuidadores; bpc.
Historically in Brazil, social protection was built through the sharing of responsibilities between the State, market and civil society, namely family, especially in the construction of Social Security associated with family accountability, as pointed out by Moraes et. al. (2020), thus pointing to the familial nature of social protection. Among the central aspects of family responsibility is the unpaid care provided by the family nucleus, with special emphasis on women, as Minayo (2021) points out. The objective is then to analyze the relationship between the State and the families of users of the Continuous Payment Benefit in a situation of dependence, reflecting on the relationship between unpaid care for family caregivers. To this end, a study will be carried out on the constitution of Brazilian social formation and the social protection offered historically, in order to demonstrate the historical process of familism in Brazil. Soon after, the care for elderly people and people with disabilities assumed by the Brazilian State will be analyzed in order to identify the interface with family solidarity/responsibility, as well as describing the normative evolution of the BPC with the aim of identifying how the process of family accountability with users. Finally, the public policies and resources that the interviewed caregivers find in their municipalities will be analyzed. It is based on the hypothesis that, as the BPC is a family-friendly program, over the years it has been working towards sharing responsibilities between the State, the market and the family, with the latter being the most responsible in relation to care, with emphasis on women. , and this accountability is not accompanied by support from the State so that both caregivers and users exercise their right to social protection with guarantees of a dignified life. Therefore, this is a descriptive level research, with a qualitative approach, using as data collection semi-structured interviews with non-probabilistic sampling with caregivers from small I and II, medium and large municipalities in the Mata Mineira Zone. The data confirms the hypothesis raised, as well as highlighting the differences in access to Social Security in different municipalities.Keywords: familism; social security; caregivers; bpc.
Historically in Brazil, social protection was built through the sharing of responsibilities between the State, market and civil society, namely family, especially in the construction of Social Security associated with family accountability, as pointed out by Moraes et. al. (2020), thus pointing to the familial nature of social protection. Among the central aspects of family responsibility is the unpaid care provided by the family nucleus, with special emphasis on women, as Minayo (2021) points out. The objective is then to analyze the relationship between the State and the families of users of the Continuous Payment Benefit in a situation of dependence, reflecting on the relationship between unpaid care for family caregivers. To this end, a study will be carried out on the constitution of Brazilian social formation and the social protection offered historically, in order to demonstrate the historical process of familism in Brazil. Soon after, the care for elderly people and people with disabilities assumed by the Brazilian State will be analyzed in order to identify the interface with family solidarity/responsibility, as well as describing the normative evolution of the BPC with the aim of identifying how the process of family accountability with users. Finally, the public policies and resources that the interviewed caregivers find in their municipalities will be analyzed. It is based on the hypothesis that, as the BPC is a family-friendly program, over the years it has been working towards sharing responsibilities between the State, the market and the family, with the latter being the most responsible in relation to care, with emphasis on women. , and this accountability is not accompanied by support from the State so that both caregivers and users exercise their right to social protection with guarantees of a dignified life. Therefore, this is a descriptive level research, with a qualitative approach, using as data collection semi-structured interviews with non-probabilistic sampling with caregivers from small I and II, medium and large municipalities in the Mata Mineira Zone. The data confirms the hypothesis raised, as well as highlighting the differences in access to Social Security in different municipalities.Keywords: familism; social security; caregivers; bpc.
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ARANTES, Raissa Cristina. Familismo e BPC: a relação entre o Estado e as famílias nos cuidados à pessoa idosa e pessoa com deficiência. 2024. 170 f. Tese (Doutorado em Economia Doméstica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
