Desempenho de populações de milho sob seleção recorrente em diferentes densidades de plantas e em baixo e alto nitrogênio
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Os principais ganhos genéticos em produtividade obtidos em milho nos últimos 50 anos têm sido consequência do aumento da eficiência no uso de N e da adaptação de cultivares a maiores densidades populacionais. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de seis populações de milho sob seleção recorrente (SR) em diferentes densidades populacionais e condições contrastantes de N. Para isso, dois experimentos foram realizados; um sob aplicação de 380kg de uréia em cobertura (AN) e outro sem adubação de N em cobertura (BN). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em DBC com esquema de parcela subdividida e três repetições. As parcelas constituídas de populações (P) de milho UFVM100, UFVM100(HS)C1, UFVM100(HS)C2, UFVM200, UFVM200(HS)C1 e UFVM200(HS)C2, e sub-parcelas constituídas por densidades populacionais (D) de 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 e 105 mil plantas ha -1 . Os caracteres avaliados foram altura de planta (AP) e espiga (AE), área da folha da espiga (AF), diâmetro de colmo (DC), comprimento de entrenós abaixo (CEAB) e acima da espiga (CEAC), plantas acamadas e quebradas (AcQ), produtividade de grãos (PG), massa de 1000 grãos (P1000), número de fileiras (NFE), número de grãos (NGE), comprimento de grão (CG), comprimento de espiga (CE) e prolificidade (PROL). Houve efeito de P (P<0,05) para AP, AE, AcQ, NGE, CG e PG em AN e BN; DC apenas em BN e NFE apenas em AN. Houve aumento de produtividade mediante ao avanço dos ciclos de SR em UFVM100 mas o mesmo não ocorreu em UFVM200. PG apresentou regressão quadrática em BN e AN. Os máximos de PG foram 4322,11 kg.ha -1 em D ótimo de 45,63 mil plantas.ha -1 em BN e 7303,01 kg.ha -1 com D ótimo de 83,88 mil plantas.ha -1 em AN. Apesar de uma diferença de 38,230 mil plantas.ha -1 entre D ótimos em AN e BN, AN teve apenas 6.355,6 espigas.ha -1 a mais que em BN. Essa pequena diferença foi devido ao baixo valor de PROL (0,62) no D ótimo de AN. Palavras-chave: Zea mays. População de plantas. Estresse abiótico. Eficiência no uso de nitrogênio. Variedades de Polinização Aberta
The most important genetic gains in maize grain yield at the last five decades is due to the improvement of nitrogen efficiency use and cultivars more adapted to high plant densities.In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate six maize populations under recurrent selection in different plant densities, with and without N top-dressing application. For this, two experiments; one with top-dressing application of 380kg of urea (HN) and other in an experimental field that has not received top-dressing N application for six seasons (LN). The experiments were set up in DBC with split plots and 3 replications. Plots were composed by maize populations (P) UFVM100, UFVM100(HS)C1, UFVM100(HS)C2, UFVM200, UFVM200(HS)C1, UFVM200(HS)C2 and the subplots by plant densities (D) 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 thousand plants ha-1. The traits evaluated was plant height (PH, cm), ear height (EH, cm), ear leaf’s area (LA, cm2), stem diameter (SD, mm), internodes length below (ILBE ) and above ear (ILAE), percentage of broken and lodged plants (BL, %), grain yield (GY kg.ha-1), 1000 kernel mass (K1000, g), number of rows in the ear (NRE), number of kernel in the ear (NKE), grain length (GL, mm), ear length (EL, cm) and prolificacy (PRL, ears.plant-1). There was an effect of P (P<0,05) for PH, EH, BL, NKE and GY in both N levels; SD only in LN and NRE only in HN. There was an increase in GY due to the advance of the selection cycles in UFVM100 but the same did not occur in UFVM200. UFVM100(HS)C1 and UFVM200(HS)C1 had the highest and lowest productivity in their own selection cycle groups, respectively. The GY has a quadratic regression in LN and HN. The maximum values of GY were 4322.11 kg.ha-1 in optimum D of 45.63 thousand plants.ha-1 in LN and 7303.01 kg.ha-1 in optimum D of 83.88 thousand plants.ha-1 in HN. Comparing HN and LN in relation to the optimal D, despite a difference of 38.230 thousand plants.ha-1, HN had only 6,355.6 ears.ha-1 more than in LN. This small difference was due to the low PRL (0.62) in the optimal D of LN. Keywords: Zea mays. Plant population. N stress. Efficient use of nitrogen Open pollinated variety. Ear to row method.
The most important genetic gains in maize grain yield at the last five decades is due to the improvement of nitrogen efficiency use and cultivars more adapted to high plant densities.In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate six maize populations under recurrent selection in different plant densities, with and without N top-dressing application. For this, two experiments; one with top-dressing application of 380kg of urea (HN) and other in an experimental field that has not received top-dressing N application for six seasons (LN). The experiments were set up in DBC with split plots and 3 replications. Plots were composed by maize populations (P) UFVM100, UFVM100(HS)C1, UFVM100(HS)C2, UFVM200, UFVM200(HS)C1, UFVM200(HS)C2 and the subplots by plant densities (D) 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 thousand plants ha-1. The traits evaluated was plant height (PH, cm), ear height (EH, cm), ear leaf’s area (LA, cm2), stem diameter (SD, mm), internodes length below (ILBE ) and above ear (ILAE), percentage of broken and lodged plants (BL, %), grain yield (GY kg.ha-1), 1000 kernel mass (K1000, g), number of rows in the ear (NRE), number of kernel in the ear (NKE), grain length (GL, mm), ear length (EL, cm) and prolificacy (PRL, ears.plant-1). There was an effect of P (P<0,05) for PH, EH, BL, NKE and GY in both N levels; SD only in LN and NRE only in HN. There was an increase in GY due to the advance of the selection cycles in UFVM100 but the same did not occur in UFVM200. UFVM100(HS)C1 and UFVM200(HS)C1 had the highest and lowest productivity in their own selection cycle groups, respectively. The GY has a quadratic regression in LN and HN. The maximum values of GY were 4322.11 kg.ha-1 in optimum D of 45.63 thousand plants.ha-1 in LN and 7303.01 kg.ha-1 in optimum D of 83.88 thousand plants.ha-1 in HN. Comparing HN and LN in relation to the optimal D, despite a difference of 38.230 thousand plants.ha-1, HN had only 6,355.6 ears.ha-1 more than in LN. This small difference was due to the low PRL (0.62) in the optimal D of LN. Keywords: Zea mays. Plant population. N stress. Efficient use of nitrogen Open pollinated variety. Ear to row method.
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SOUZA FILHO, Vidomar Destro de. Desempenho de populações de milho sob seleção recorrente em diferentes densidades de plantas e em baixo e alto nitrogênio. 2021. 50 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
