Uso e ocupação dos solos de Abre Campo-MG: uma perspectiva histórico-pedológica
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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No final do século XVII, o atual estado de Minas Gerais começou a ser explorado, após o descobrimento de ouro. Com o declínio da mineração na região central, a população de Vila Rica e Vila do Carmo começou a migrar para as regiões de fronteira para obter mais minerais preciosos e produzir alimentos. Uma das regiões escolhidas foi a Zona da Mata, por suas exuberantes matas virgens e solos férteis. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os solos do município de Abre Campo e seus processos históricos de uso e ocupação entre o século XIX e XXI. Para tanto, utilizou-se da ténica da análise documental, anotações das observações de campo de diálogos informais com os agricultores(as) e a coleta de solos representativos (10 perfis e 2 tradagens). Na caracterização dos solos, foram realizadas análises químicas (pH em água e em KCl; Ca2+, Mg2+ e Al3+, P, P-Rem., K+, acidez potencial (H + Al), carbono orgânico e matéria orgânica), físicas (análise granulométrica), mineralógicas (difração de Raios-X). Os documentos históricos demonstraram relatos de quantidade expressiva de mata primária na região, propriedades variando de médias a grandes, uso de mão de obra escrava e livre, produção de alimentos (arroz, feijão, milho, café, cana) para abastecimento da região mineradora e transporte de mercadorias por tropeiros (fumo). As anotações de campo mostram diversificadas formas de uso do solo, manejo, nível tecnológico, alimentos produzidos e escolha das áreas de plantio. A maior parte das propriedades do município são enquadradas como pequenas que produzem café e gado de leite como fonte de renda principal. Os solos são profundos a medianamente profundos, com grau intemperismo moderado, possuem constituição argilosa, em maior parte baixa CTC, SB, elevados valores de Al3+. Os horizontes mais encontrados foram: horizonte A Húmico, Proeminente, Moderado e Fraco. Na mineralogia da fração areia predomina quartzo, na fração silte feldspato e caulinita, na fração argila caulinita e gibbsita. Encontramos divergência, em certo grau, entre os perfis coletados e os mapas de solos elaborados (EMBRAPA e UFV) para o município. A cobertura vegetal foi analisada por imagem de satélite Sentinel 2 com resolução de 10 m. No município predominam as pastagens, seguido da vegetação nativa e lavouras de café. O relevo local foi classificado como forte ondulado, com altitudes variando entre 330 a 1315 m. Palavras-chave: Pedologia, Mineralogia, Zona da Mata, Agricultura Familiar e Pesquisa documental.
In the late seventeenth century, the current state of Minas Gerais began to be explored after the discovery of gold. With the decline of mining in the central region, the population of Vila Rica and Vila do Carmo began to migrate to the border regions to obtain more precious minerals and produce food. One of the regions chosen was the Zona da Mata, for its lush virgin forests and fertile soils. The aim of this study is to understand the soils of the city of Abre Campo and its historical processes of use and occupation between the nineteenth and twenty-first century. The data were collected by documental analysis, informal dialogues with farmers and the collection of representative soils (10 profiles and 2 translations). In the characterization of the soils, chemical analyzes were performed (pH in water and KCl; Ca2 +, Mg2 + and Al3 +, P, P-Rem., K +, potential acidity (H + Al), organic carbon and organic matter), physical (analysis size), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction). Historical documents have shown reports of significant amounts of primary forest in the region, properties ranging from medium to large, use of free and slave labor, food production (rice, beans, corn, coffee, cane) to supply the mining region and transport of goods by drovers (smoke). Field notes show diverse ways of land use, management, technological level, food produced and choice of planting areas. Most properties in the municipality are classified as small producing coffee and dairy cattle as their main source of income. The soils are deep to medium deep, with moderate weathering degree, have clay constitution, mostly low CTC, SB, high Al3 + values. The most common horizons were: Humic horizon, Prominent, Moderate and Weak. In the sand fraction mineralogy predominates quartz, in the silt feldspar and kaolinite fraction, in the kaolinite and gibbsite clay fraction. We found divergence, to a certain degree, between the collected profiles and the elaborated soil maps (EMBRAPA and UFV) for the municipality. Vegetation cover was analyzed by Sentinel 2 satellite image with 10 m resolution. Pastures predominate in the municipality, followed by native vegetation and coffee crops. The local relief was classified as strong undulating, with altitudes ranging from 330 to 1315 m. Key-words: Pedology, Mineralogy, Zona da Mata, Family Farming, Documentary Research.
In the late seventeenth century, the current state of Minas Gerais began to be explored after the discovery of gold. With the decline of mining in the central region, the population of Vila Rica and Vila do Carmo began to migrate to the border regions to obtain more precious minerals and produce food. One of the regions chosen was the Zona da Mata, for its lush virgin forests and fertile soils. The aim of this study is to understand the soils of the city of Abre Campo and its historical processes of use and occupation between the nineteenth and twenty-first century. The data were collected by documental analysis, informal dialogues with farmers and the collection of representative soils (10 profiles and 2 translations). In the characterization of the soils, chemical analyzes were performed (pH in water and KCl; Ca2 +, Mg2 + and Al3 +, P, P-Rem., K +, potential acidity (H + Al), organic carbon and organic matter), physical (analysis size), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction). Historical documents have shown reports of significant amounts of primary forest in the region, properties ranging from medium to large, use of free and slave labor, food production (rice, beans, corn, coffee, cane) to supply the mining region and transport of goods by drovers (smoke). Field notes show diverse ways of land use, management, technological level, food produced and choice of planting areas. Most properties in the municipality are classified as small producing coffee and dairy cattle as their main source of income. The soils are deep to medium deep, with moderate weathering degree, have clay constitution, mostly low CTC, SB, high Al3 + values. The most common horizons were: Humic horizon, Prominent, Moderate and Weak. In the sand fraction mineralogy predominates quartz, in the silt feldspar and kaolinite fraction, in the kaolinite and gibbsite clay fraction. We found divergence, to a certain degree, between the collected profiles and the elaborated soil maps (EMBRAPA and UFV) for the municipality. Vegetation cover was analyzed by Sentinel 2 satellite image with 10 m resolution. Pastures predominate in the municipality, followed by native vegetation and coffee crops. The local relief was classified as strong undulating, with altitudes ranging from 330 to 1315 m. Key-words: Pedology, Mineralogy, Zona da Mata, Family Farming, Documentary Research.
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LAGE, Fernando Henrique Vidal. Uso e ocupação dos solos de Abre Campo-MG: uma perspectiva histórico-pedológica. 2019. 132 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
