Espaços de educação não formal e o Ensino em Ciências na Educação Infantil: indicadores para a formação docente à luz da teoria das representações sociais
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Na Educação Infantil, as crianças devem ter oportunidades de investigar, levantar hipóteses, explorar e questionar. Para isso, os docentes desse segmento da Educação Básica podem buscar ambientes que favoreçam essas práticas, considerando o uso de espaços educativos não formais (EENF) como recurso pedagógico no ensino de Ciências, uma vez que eles podem favorecer a estimulação e a percepção das crianças sobre os fenômenos naturais que ocorrem ao seu redor. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa investigou as potencialidades desses espaços para o ensino de Ciências, com foco nas representações sociais (RS) de Ciências de professores(as) e bolsistas do Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Infantil (LDI) e do Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Humano (LDH) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Também foi analisada a viabilidade dos EENF no planejamento, desenvolvimento e avaliação de atividades realizadas fora da sala de aula. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, amparou-se em uma proposta formativa docente, implementada por meio de um curso de extensão universitária com cinco encontros, totalizando 22 horas. Os sujeitos participantes foram 31 professores(as) e bolsistas do LDI e LDH. A coleta de dados ocorreu ao longo do processo formativo, utilizando instrumentos como evocação livre de palavras, questionários, produção de textos, planejamento e desenvolvimento de atividades, além de registros fotográficos, gravações de vídeo e anotações de diálogos realizados durante os encontros. A análise prototípica permitiu identificar as RS de Ciências, tanto a priori quanto a posteriori à formação, constando-se que o possível núcleo central, definido pelos elementos “Pesquisa” e “Natureza”, permaneceu inalterado, indicando um aspecto consolidado das representações dos participantes e sugerindo a importância de estudos contínuos. Além disso, a partir de princípios da análise do discurso, evidenciou-se que os sujeitos valorizam os espaços educativos não formais como ferramentas pedagógicas e reconhecem a importância de planejar e explorar adequadamente esses ambientes. Os resultados sugerem que esses espaços são essenciais para estimular práticas pedagógicas inovadoras e contextualizadas, favorecendo a curiosidade, a investigação e a aprendizagem significativa das crianças. Espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua para o fortalecimento do campo investigativo da Educação Infantil sobre o uso de espaços educativos não formais para o ensino de Ciências, inspirando outros pesquisadores a explorar essa temática. Por fim, busca-se, a partir do produto elaborado, uma proposta de formação docente de modo a oferecer subsídios à formação inicial e continuada de professores(as), promovendo práticas mais reflexivas e conectadas às necessidades do ensino de Ciências em espaços educativos não formais. Palavras-chave: Palavras-chave: Espaços educativos não formais; ensino de Ciências; representações sociais; educação infantil; formação continuada.
In Early Childhood Education, children should have opportunities to investigate, raise hypotheses, explore, and question. To achieve this, educators in this segment of Basic Education can seek environments that promote these practices, considering the use of non-formal educational spaces (ENF) as a pedagogical resource for Science teaching, so they can enhance children's stimulation and perception of the natural phenomena occurring around them. In this context, this research investigated the potential of these spaces for Science teaching, focusing on the social representations (RS) of Science held by teachers and scholarship students from the Laboratory of Child Development (LDI) and the Laboratory of Human Development (LDH) at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). The feasibility of non-formal educational spaces (ENF) in the planning, development, and evaluation of activities conducted outside the classroom was also analyzed. The research, of a qualitative and exploratory nature, was supported by a teacher training proposal implemented through a university extension course with five meetings, totaling 22 hours. The participants were 31 teachers and scholarship students from the LDI and LDH. Data collection occurred throughout the training process, using tools such as free word association, questionnaires, text production, planning and development of activities, as well as photographs, video recordings, and notes on dialogues held during the meetings. The prototypical analysis allowed for the identification of the social representations of Science, both a priori and a posteriori to the training, revealing that the possible core, defined by the elements “Research” and “Nature” remained unchanged, indicating a consolidated aspect of the participants' representations and suggesting the importance of continuous studies. Moreover, based on principles of discourse analysis, it was evident that the subjects value non-formal educational spaces as pedagogical tools and recognize the importance of properly planning and exploring these environments. The results suggest that these spaces are essential for stimulating innovative and contextualized pedagogical practices, fostering curiosity, investigation, and meaningful learning for children. It is hoped that this research will contribute to strengthening the investigative field of Early Childhood Education regarding the use of non-formal educational spaces for Science teaching, inspiring other researchers to explore this topic. Finally, through the developed product, the aim is to offer support for the initial and ongoing training of teachers, promoting more reflective practices that are connected to the needs of Science teaching in non-formal educational spaces. Keywords: Keywords: Non-formal educational spaces; science teaching; social representations; early childhood education; continuous professional development.
In Early Childhood Education, children should have opportunities to investigate, raise hypotheses, explore, and question. To achieve this, educators in this segment of Basic Education can seek environments that promote these practices, considering the use of non-formal educational spaces (ENF) as a pedagogical resource for Science teaching, so they can enhance children's stimulation and perception of the natural phenomena occurring around them. In this context, this research investigated the potential of these spaces for Science teaching, focusing on the social representations (RS) of Science held by teachers and scholarship students from the Laboratory of Child Development (LDI) and the Laboratory of Human Development (LDH) at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). The feasibility of non-formal educational spaces (ENF) in the planning, development, and evaluation of activities conducted outside the classroom was also analyzed. The research, of a qualitative and exploratory nature, was supported by a teacher training proposal implemented through a university extension course with five meetings, totaling 22 hours. The participants were 31 teachers and scholarship students from the LDI and LDH. Data collection occurred throughout the training process, using tools such as free word association, questionnaires, text production, planning and development of activities, as well as photographs, video recordings, and notes on dialogues held during the meetings. The prototypical analysis allowed for the identification of the social representations of Science, both a priori and a posteriori to the training, revealing that the possible core, defined by the elements “Research” and “Nature” remained unchanged, indicating a consolidated aspect of the participants' representations and suggesting the importance of continuous studies. Moreover, based on principles of discourse analysis, it was evident that the subjects value non-formal educational spaces as pedagogical tools and recognize the importance of properly planning and exploring these environments. The results suggest that these spaces are essential for stimulating innovative and contextualized pedagogical practices, fostering curiosity, investigation, and meaningful learning for children. It is hoped that this research will contribute to strengthening the investigative field of Early Childhood Education regarding the use of non-formal educational spaces for Science teaching, inspiring other researchers to explore this topic. Finally, through the developed product, the aim is to offer support for the initial and ongoing training of teachers, promoting more reflective practices that are connected to the needs of Science teaching in non-formal educational spaces. Keywords: Keywords: Non-formal educational spaces; science teaching; social representations; early childhood education; continuous professional development.
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DAMASCENO, Liliane Fernandes Caiafa. Espaços de educação não formal e o Ensino em Ciências na Educação Infantil: indicadores para a formação docente à luz da teoria das representações sociais. 2024. 169 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Educação em Ciências e Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
