Substituição da nutrição amoniacal pela nítrica para plantas de arroz e feijão
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O nitrogênio é o nutriente demandado em maior quantidade pela maioria das culturas cultivadas, sendo absorvido principalmente nas formas amoniacal e nítrica. A ureia (Ure) é o principal fertilizante nitrogenado comercializada no Brasil, porém o seu manejo inadequado pode proporcionar perdas expressivas de Nitrogênio(N). Além disso, alto consumo de energia na sua produção tem deixado sua aquisição cada vez mais difícil. Devido a suspenção das atividades da Petrobras em suas unidades de produção de Ureia, somado ao crescente uso de outros fertilizantes nitrogenados, buscou-se avaliar fertilizantes amoniacais e nítricos para as culturas de arroz e feijão, a fim de avaliar se é recomendável ou não a substituição da Ureia por fontes nítricas. No experimento foram avaliados a Ure, o sulfato de amônio (SAm), o nitrato de amônio (NAm) e o nitrato de cálcio (NCa). Também foram cultivados vasos com plantas de ambas as culturas sem aplicação de nitrogênio. Foram utilizados três solos: um arenoso (Ar), um argiloso com baixo teor de matéria orgânica (AGb) e outro argiloso com maior teor de matéria orgânica (AGa). As plantas foram cultivadas por 45 dias. Para o arroz avaliaram-se a produção de matéria seca (pMS), o conteúdo de nitrogênio na parte aérea (cN), a taxa de recuperação aparente de N (trN) e o remanescente de N-NH 4+ e N-NO 3- no solo. Todos os fertilizantes se mostraram eficientes para propiciar aumento da pMS, da mesma forma que proporcionaram ganhos no cN e ainda, nenhuma deles promoveu ganho significativo de N remanescente nos solos. Para o feijoeiro avaliou-se a produção de matéria seca na parte aérea (pMSpv) e das vagens (pMSva), a percentagem de matéria seca na vagem (pcMSva), o conteúdo de N na parte aérea (cNpv), o conteúdo de N nas vagens (cNva), o conteúdo de N total (cNT), a percentagem do conteúdo de N nas vagens (pcNva), o número de vagens (nV), a taxa de recuperação aparente de N (trN) e o remanescente de N-NH 4+ e N-NO 3- no solo. Somente nos solos Ar e AGb observaram- se ganhos na pMSpv com a adubação dos solos, o mesmo observa-se para cN nas plantas. O número de vagens mostrou-se independente da condição de fertilidade do solo, e o remanescente de N no solo não se alterou para nenhuma das fontes utilizadas. Concluiu-se assim, que a substituição da ureia por fontes nítricas mostrou- se viável, sem prejuízos de produtividade. Palavra-chave: Nitrogênio. Nitrato. Amônio. Nítrico.
Nitrogen is the nutrient demanded in greater quantity by most cultivated crops, being absorbed mainly in ammoniacal and nitric forms. Urea (Ure) is the main nitrogen fertilizer marketed in Brazil, but its inadequate management can lead to significant losses of N. In addition, high energy consumption in its production has made its acquisition more and more difficult. Due to the suspension of Petrobras' activities in its Ure production units, added to the growing use of other nitrogen fertilizers, an attempt was made to evaluate ammonia and nitric fertilizers for rice and bean crops, in order to assess whether it is recommended or not. replacement of Ure by nitric sources. In the experiment, ure, ammonium sulfate (SAm), ammonium nitrate (NAm) and calcium nitrate (NCa) were evaluated. Pots with plants of both cultures without nitrogen application were also cultivated. Three soils were used: a sandy (Ar), a clayey one with low organic matter content (AGb) and another clayey one with a higher organic matter content (AGa). Plants were grown for 45 days. For rice, dry matter production (pMS), shoot nitrogen content (cN), apparent N recovery rate (trN) and the remainder of N- NH 4+ and N-NO 3- in the soil were evaluated. All fertilizers proved to be efficient in increasing pMS, in the same way that they provided gains in cN, and none of them promoted a significant gain in remaining N in the soils. For common bean, it evaluated the production of dry matter in shoot (pMSpv) and in pods (pMSva), percentage of dry matter in pod (pcMSva), N content in shoot (cNpv), N content in pods (cNva), the total N content (cNT), the percentage of the N content in the pods (pcNva), the number of pods (nV), the apparent N recovery rate (trN) and the remainder of N-NH 4+ and N-NO 3- . Only in Ar and AGb soils were observed gains in pMSpv with soil fertilization, the same is observed for cN in plants. The number of pods was independent of the soil fertility condition, and the N remaining in the soil was not significant for any of the sources used. Thus, it was concluded that the replacement of urea by nitric sources proved to be viable, without loss of productivity. Keywords: Nitrogen. Nitrate. Ammonium. Nitric
Nitrogen is the nutrient demanded in greater quantity by most cultivated crops, being absorbed mainly in ammoniacal and nitric forms. Urea (Ure) is the main nitrogen fertilizer marketed in Brazil, but its inadequate management can lead to significant losses of N. In addition, high energy consumption in its production has made its acquisition more and more difficult. Due to the suspension of Petrobras' activities in its Ure production units, added to the growing use of other nitrogen fertilizers, an attempt was made to evaluate ammonia and nitric fertilizers for rice and bean crops, in order to assess whether it is recommended or not. replacement of Ure by nitric sources. In the experiment, ure, ammonium sulfate (SAm), ammonium nitrate (NAm) and calcium nitrate (NCa) were evaluated. Pots with plants of both cultures without nitrogen application were also cultivated. Three soils were used: a sandy (Ar), a clayey one with low organic matter content (AGb) and another clayey one with a higher organic matter content (AGa). Plants were grown for 45 days. For rice, dry matter production (pMS), shoot nitrogen content (cN), apparent N recovery rate (trN) and the remainder of N- NH 4+ and N-NO 3- in the soil were evaluated. All fertilizers proved to be efficient in increasing pMS, in the same way that they provided gains in cN, and none of them promoted a significant gain in remaining N in the soils. For common bean, it evaluated the production of dry matter in shoot (pMSpv) and in pods (pMSva), percentage of dry matter in pod (pcMSva), N content in shoot (cNpv), N content in pods (cNva), the total N content (cNT), the percentage of the N content in the pods (pcNva), the number of pods (nV), the apparent N recovery rate (trN) and the remainder of N-NH 4+ and N-NO 3- . Only in Ar and AGb soils were observed gains in pMSpv with soil fertilization, the same is observed for cN in plants. The number of pods was independent of the soil fertility condition, and the N remaining in the soil was not significant for any of the sources used. Thus, it was concluded that the replacement of urea by nitric sources proved to be viable, without loss of productivity. Keywords: Nitrogen. Nitrate. Ammonium. Nitric
Description
Citation
SILVA, Policarpo Aguiar da. Substituição da nutrição amoniacal pela nítrica para plantas de arroz e feijão. 2021. 30 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
