Caracterização agronômica e molecular de bananeira do subgrupo Terra submetida à radiação gama
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2013-02-28
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O cultivo da bananeira é uma importante atividade e possui relevante papel econômico e social no mundo. O estudo da diversidade genética é importante para programas de melhoramento, especialmente na elucidação da variabilidade genética disponível para os melhoristas. As características agronômicas e os marcadores moleculares têm sido utilizados para determinar essa diversidade em muitas espécies. Objetivou-se: 1) selecionar possíveis mutantes de banana Terra Maranhão obtidos por radiação gama com boas características agronômicas e altura reduzida; 2) avaliar a variabilidade genética e selecionar possíveis mutantes de banana Terra Maranhão submetidos à radiação gama com base em dados agronômicos e perfis de marcadores moleculares Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) utilizando a estratégia Ward-MLM. Na primeira parte do trabalho, foram irradiadas 315 gemas in vitro com raio gama nas doses de 20 Gy, as quais foram subcultivadas e posteriormente avaliadas em campo durante dois ciclos de produção. A avaliação dos clones foi realizada com o objetivo principal de selecionar 10% das melhores plantas. O plantio foi feito no espaçamento 3 m x 4 m, e a adubação foi realizada de acordo com as recomendações técnicas para a cultura. Foram avaliadas em campo 233 plantas irradiadas e 41 testemunhas. Dentre as plantas irradiadas selecionadas, observaram-se genótipos que apresentam altura reduzida. Os genótipos Irra 04, Irra 13, Irra 19 e Irra 21 apresentaram altura de 3,6 m, valores abaixo da média das testemunhas selecionadas. Outros genótipos irradiados selecionados como o Irra 14 e Irra 16 com altura de 3,65 m se mostraram promissores, pois além da altura reduzida, apresentaram um bom peso de cacho e menor período de floração em relação à média das testemunhas, fator relevante para as próximas etapas de melhoramento. Estes resultados confirmam a possibilidade de emprego da indução de mutação em bananeira tipo Terra para a obtenção de características agronômicas desejáveis e altura reduzida. Na segunda parte do trabalho, foram avaliadas em campo 233 plantas irradiadas e 41 testemunhas. Os dados agronômicos e moleculares foram submetidos ao algoritmo estatístico Ward-MLM no programa SAS. A análise de agrupamento foi realizada pelo método da distância média ou também denominado de método de agrupamento médio entre grupos (UPGMA) com base na matriz de distância do algoritmo de Gower e o coeficiente de correlação cofenético foi calculado usando o software R. A distância entre os possíveis mutantes variou 0,321 a 0,524, com distância média de 0,426 e o coeficiente de correlação cofenético 0,79. Os três supostos mutantes que foram selecionados com base nas melhores características agronômicas e altura baixa serão submetidos a novas avaliações nas próximas etapas do programa de melhoramento da Embrapa. Esta é a primeira tentativa de utilização de dados combinados em bananeira do tipo Terra com o intuito de selecionar mutantes e avaliar a variabilidade genética.
The cultivation of banana is an important activity and has significant social and economic role in the world. The study of genetic diversity is important for breeding programs, especially in the elucidation of the genetic variability available to plant breeders. The agronomic traits and molecular markers have been used to determine this diversity in many species. This study aimed to: 1) select potential banana Terra Maranhão mutants obtained by gamma radiation with good agronomic characteristics and reduced height, 2) assess the genetic variability and select possible mutant banana Terra Maranhão subjected to gamma radiation based on agronomic data and profiles molecular markers Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) using the Ward-MLM strategy.. In the first part of the study, 315 were irradiated gemstones in vitro with gamma ray doses of 20 Gy, which were subcultured and subsequently evaluated in the field during two growing seasons. The evaluation of the clones was performed with the main objective of selecting the best plants 10%. The planting was done in 3 mx 4 m spacing, and fertilization was performed according to the technical recommendations for culture. Were assessed in 233 plants irradiated and 41 witnesses. Among the irradiated plants selected were observed genotypes that exhibit reduced height. Genotypes Irra 04, Irra 13, Irra 19 and Irra 21 showed height of 3.6 m, below the average values of selected witnesses. Other genotypes irradiated selected as Irra 14 and Irra 16 with height of 3.65 m were promising, because besides the reduced height, had a good bunch weight and smaller flowering period compared to the average of the witnesses, a factor relevant to the next steps for improvement. These results confirm the possibility of using mutation induction in banana type Terra to obtain desirable agronomic characteristics and reduced height. In the second part of the study, were assessed in 233 plants irradiated and 41 witnesses. The agronomic and molecular data were subjected to statistical algorithm Ward-MLM program in SAS. Cluster analysis was performed by the method of the average distance or also called clustering method midway between groups (UPGMA) based on the distance matrix algorithm Gower cofenético and the correlation coefficient was calculated using the software R. The distance between the possible mutants ranged from 0.321 to 0.524, with an average distance of 0.426 and correlation coefficient cofenético 0.79. The three putative mutants were selected based on best agronomic characteristics and low altitude will undergo further evaluation in the next stages of the breeding program of Embrapa. This is the first attempt to use the combined data of the type in banana Terra in order to select mutants and assess genetic variability.
The cultivation of banana is an important activity and has significant social and economic role in the world. The study of genetic diversity is important for breeding programs, especially in the elucidation of the genetic variability available to plant breeders. The agronomic traits and molecular markers have been used to determine this diversity in many species. This study aimed to: 1) select potential banana Terra Maranhão mutants obtained by gamma radiation with good agronomic characteristics and reduced height, 2) assess the genetic variability and select possible mutant banana Terra Maranhão subjected to gamma radiation based on agronomic data and profiles molecular markers Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) using the Ward-MLM strategy.. In the first part of the study, 315 were irradiated gemstones in vitro with gamma ray doses of 20 Gy, which were subcultured and subsequently evaluated in the field during two growing seasons. The evaluation of the clones was performed with the main objective of selecting the best plants 10%. The planting was done in 3 mx 4 m spacing, and fertilization was performed according to the technical recommendations for culture. Were assessed in 233 plants irradiated and 41 witnesses. Among the irradiated plants selected were observed genotypes that exhibit reduced height. Genotypes Irra 04, Irra 13, Irra 19 and Irra 21 showed height of 3.6 m, below the average values of selected witnesses. Other genotypes irradiated selected as Irra 14 and Irra 16 with height of 3.65 m were promising, because besides the reduced height, had a good bunch weight and smaller flowering period compared to the average of the witnesses, a factor relevant to the next steps for improvement. These results confirm the possibility of using mutation induction in banana type Terra to obtain desirable agronomic characteristics and reduced height. In the second part of the study, were assessed in 233 plants irradiated and 41 witnesses. The agronomic and molecular data were subjected to statistical algorithm Ward-MLM program in SAS. Cluster analysis was performed by the method of the average distance or also called clustering method midway between groups (UPGMA) based on the distance matrix algorithm Gower cofenético and the correlation coefficient was calculated using the software R. The distance between the possible mutants ranged from 0.321 to 0.524, with an average distance of 0.426 and correlation coefficient cofenético 0.79. The three putative mutants were selected based on best agronomic characteristics and low altitude will undergo further evaluation in the next stages of the breeding program of Embrapa. This is the first attempt to use the combined data of the type in banana Terra in order to select mutants and assess genetic variability.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Musa spp., Porte baixo, Seleção de mutantes, Variabilidade genética, Musa spp., Porte low, Selection of mutants, Genetic variability
Citação
REIS, Ronaldo Viana dos. Agronomic characterization and molecular subgroup banana Terra subjected to gamma radiation. 2013. 75 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.