Partição de biomassa e nutrientes em plantios clonais e seminais de Teca
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Data
2015-07-30
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
As maiores taxas de crescimento que vêm sendo observadas em plantios clonais de teca comparativamente a plantios seminais levantam questões relacionadas à partição de carbono, e de nutrientes minerais, bem como à eficiência de utilização desses, havendo escassez dessas informações para plantios clonais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) avaliar a produção e a partição de biomassa e de nutrientes minerais na parte aérea de árvores de plantios clonais de teca no estado de Mato Grosso; b) obter equações alométricas para biomassa e conteúdo de nutrientes em função do diâmetro a 1,30 m de altura do solo (dap) das árvores desses plantios; c) comparar num mesmo sítio e faixa de idade esses aspectos entre plantios clonais e seminais. Para tanto, foram amostradas árvores de teca no município de Nova Maringá – MT, em povoamentos clonais (15, 51, 63 e 75 meses) e seminais (63 e 75 meses), conforme três classes de produtividade, baseado no dap e em seu desvio padrão: Classe 1 – Inferior (≤ x – s), Classe 2 – Média ( x – s ≤ x ≤ x + s) e Classe 3 – Superior (≥ x + s). Determinou-se a produção e partição de biomassa da árvore, assim como os conteúdos de nutrientes e a eficiência de utilização. A partição de biomassa e de nutrientes minerais para a copa em povoamentos clonais de teca decresce com a idade das árvores, enquanto para o lenho aumenta, e não é influenciada pela classe de produtividade das árvores. Foram obtidas equações alométricas úteis à estimação da acumulação de biomassa e de nutrientes minerais em função do diâmetro a 1,30 m de altura do solo (dap) das árvores clonais. O plantio clonal apresentou maior crescimento volumétrico e biomassa de parte aérea e dos seus componentes, com a exceção do galho, comparado ao plantio seminal. O plantio clonal apresentou maior eficiência de utilização de K e Ca, para produção de tronco e lenho, comparado ao plantio seminal.
The highest growth rates that have been observed in clonal plantations of teak compared to seminal plantations raise issues related to partitioning of carbon and mineral nutrients, as well as their efficiency of use, with shortage of such information for clonal plantations. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the production and the partition of biomass and mineral nutrients in the aboveground of trees of clonal plantations of teak in the state of Mato Grosso (MT); b) to obtain allometric equations for biomass and nutrients content as a function of the diameter at 1.30 m above ground level (DBH) of the trees of these plantations; c) compare these aspects between clonal and seminal plantations in the same site and age range. For this purpose, teak trees were sampled in Nova Maringá - MT, in clonal (15, 51, 63 and 75 months) and seminal (63 and 75 months) stands, according to three productivity classes, based on the DBH and its standard deviation: Class 1 - Inferior (≤ x – s), Class 2 - Mean ( x – s ≤ x ≤ x + s) and Class 3 - Superior (≥ x + s). It was determined the production and the biomass partition of the tree, as well as the nutrient contents and the nutrient utilization efficiency. The partitioning of biomass and mineral nutrients for the crown in teak clonal stands decreases with the age of the trees, while for the wood it increases, and it is not influenced by the trees productivity class. The allometric equations obtained are useful for estimating the accumulation of biomass and mineral nutrients depending on the diameter at 1.30 m above ground level (DBH) of clonal trees. The clonal plantations showed the highest volumetric growth and biomass of aboveground and its components, except for the branch, compared to seminal plantation. The clonal plantations have higher efficiency of K and Ca utilization for production of wood and trunk compared to seminal plantations.
The highest growth rates that have been observed in clonal plantations of teak compared to seminal plantations raise issues related to partitioning of carbon and mineral nutrients, as well as their efficiency of use, with shortage of such information for clonal plantations. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the production and the partition of biomass and mineral nutrients in the aboveground of trees of clonal plantations of teak in the state of Mato Grosso (MT); b) to obtain allometric equations for biomass and nutrients content as a function of the diameter at 1.30 m above ground level (DBH) of the trees of these plantations; c) compare these aspects between clonal and seminal plantations in the same site and age range. For this purpose, teak trees were sampled in Nova Maringá - MT, in clonal (15, 51, 63 and 75 months) and seminal (63 and 75 months) stands, according to three productivity classes, based on the DBH and its standard deviation: Class 1 - Inferior (≤ x – s), Class 2 - Mean ( x – s ≤ x ≤ x + s) and Class 3 - Superior (≥ x + s). It was determined the production and the biomass partition of the tree, as well as the nutrient contents and the nutrient utilization efficiency. The partitioning of biomass and mineral nutrients for the crown in teak clonal stands decreases with the age of the trees, while for the wood it increases, and it is not influenced by the trees productivity class. The allometric equations obtained are useful for estimating the accumulation of biomass and mineral nutrients depending on the diameter at 1.30 m above ground level (DBH) of clonal trees. The clonal plantations showed the highest volumetric growth and biomass of aboveground and its components, except for the branch, compared to seminal plantation. The clonal plantations have higher efficiency of K and Ca utilization for production of wood and trunk compared to seminal plantations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Teca (Árvore), Teca (Árvore) - Efeito dos minerais, Clonagem, Plantas - Nutrição, Biomassa florestal
Citação
SANTOS, Márcio Luiz dos. Partição de biomassa e nutrientes em plantios clonais e seminais de Teca. 2015. 60 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2015.