Encapsulação de carvacrol em lipossomas para aplicação em embalagem ativa para alimentos
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2020-10-13
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O carvacrol é um antimicrobiano natural que tem sido estudado para aplicação como conservante em alimentos. No entanto, sua baixa solubilidade em água, alta volatilidade e sensibilidade à luz e calor prejudicam sua estabilidade e efeito quando incorporado a embalagens ou aplicado diretamente a produtos alimentícios. Uma das estratégias apontadas para superar estas limitações é a encapsulação do carvacrol em lipossomas. Os lipossomas são vesículas lipídicas esféricas que podem não apenas melhorar a solubilidade e estabilidade dos compostos antimicrobianos encapsulados, mas também interagir com as membranas das bactérias e, assim, aumentar sua eficiência. Neste trabalho, lipossomas à base de lecitina de soja e colesterol para encapsulação de carvacrol foram produzidos, caracterizados e incorporados ao filme de poli(vinil álcool). A atividade antibacteriana do carvacrol encapsulado em lipossomas e o seu modo de ação contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli também foram investigados. A influência das concentrações de colesterol e carvacrol na formulação lipossomal foi explicada por um modelo de regressão e a formulação que resultou em maior eficiência de encapsulação foi obtida utilizando a função desejabilidade. As características físico- químicas dos lipossomas com carvacrol indicaram que este composto foi eficientemente encapsulado, reduziu a agregação e fusão das vesículas e aumentou a estabilidade térmica deste sistema. A incorporação em lipossomas melhorou o efeito antibacteriano do carvacrol. O extravasamento de material celular por S. aureus na presença de carvacrol não encapsulado sugere danos na membrana celular dessa bactéria. Entretanto, quando encapsulado em lipossomas, o carvacrol não causou a liberação de material intracelular. Para E. coli, os resultados obtidos não permitiram esclarecer o mecanismo de inativação do carvacrol livre e encapsulado em lipossomas. Quando incorporados ao filme de poli(vinil álcool), os lipossomas com carvacrol não foram eficientes na inibição de S. aureus e E. coli. Estes resultados sugerem que lipossomas podem ser um sistema promissor para utilização do carvacrol como conservante alimentar, entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para viabilizar sua aplicação em embalagens para alimentos.Palavras-chave: Carvacrol. Conservante natural. Lipossomas. Embalagens de alimentos.
Carvacrol is a natural antimicrobial which has been studied for application as a food preservative. Nevertheless, it`s low water solubility, high volatility and sensitivity to light and heat harm it`s stability and effect when incorporated to packages or applied directly to foods. One strategy that has been pointed to overcome these limitations is the encapsulation of carvacrol to liposomes. The liposomes are spherical lipidic vesicles which can not only improve the solubility and stability of the encapsulated antimicrobial compounds, but also interact with the bacterial membranes and, therefore, improve it`s efficiency. On this work, lecithin soy and cholesterol based liposomes, for the encapsulation of carvacrol were produced, characterized and incorporated to poly(vinyl alcohol) film. The antibacterial activity of carvacrol encapsulated to liposomes and it`s mode of action against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also investigated. The influence of cholesterol and carvacrol concentrations on the liposomal formulation was explained using a regression model, and the formulation which resulted in the greatest encapsulation efficiency was obtained using a desirability function. The physicochemical attributes of liposomes with carvacrol showed that this compound was efficiently encapsulated, reduced the vesicles’ aggregation and fusion, and increased the thermal stability of this system. The incorporation into liposomes improved the antimicrobial effect of the carvacrol. The leakage of cellular material by S. aureus on the presence of non-encapsulated carvacrol suggests there was damage to the cellular membrane of this bacteria, Nevertheless, when encapsulated to liposomes, the carvacrol did not cause intracellular material liberation. For E. coli, the obtained results did not clarify the mechanism of inactivation of free and encapsulated carvacrol. When incorporated to poly(vinyl alcohol) film, the liposomes with carvacrol were not efficient on the inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli. These results suggest that liposomes can be a promising system for the usage of carvacrol as a food preservative, nevertheless, more studies are required to make it’s application in food packaging viable.Keywords: Carvacrol. Natural preservatives. Liposomes. Food packaging.
Carvacrol is a natural antimicrobial which has been studied for application as a food preservative. Nevertheless, it`s low water solubility, high volatility and sensitivity to light and heat harm it`s stability and effect when incorporated to packages or applied directly to foods. One strategy that has been pointed to overcome these limitations is the encapsulation of carvacrol to liposomes. The liposomes are spherical lipidic vesicles which can not only improve the solubility and stability of the encapsulated antimicrobial compounds, but also interact with the bacterial membranes and, therefore, improve it`s efficiency. On this work, lecithin soy and cholesterol based liposomes, for the encapsulation of carvacrol were produced, characterized and incorporated to poly(vinyl alcohol) film. The antibacterial activity of carvacrol encapsulated to liposomes and it`s mode of action against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also investigated. The influence of cholesterol and carvacrol concentrations on the liposomal formulation was explained using a regression model, and the formulation which resulted in the greatest encapsulation efficiency was obtained using a desirability function. The physicochemical attributes of liposomes with carvacrol showed that this compound was efficiently encapsulated, reduced the vesicles’ aggregation and fusion, and increased the thermal stability of this system. The incorporation into liposomes improved the antimicrobial effect of the carvacrol. The leakage of cellular material by S. aureus on the presence of non-encapsulated carvacrol suggests there was damage to the cellular membrane of this bacteria, Nevertheless, when encapsulated to liposomes, the carvacrol did not cause intracellular material liberation. For E. coli, the obtained results did not clarify the mechanism of inactivation of free and encapsulated carvacrol. When incorporated to poly(vinyl alcohol) film, the liposomes with carvacrol were not efficient on the inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli. These results suggest that liposomes can be a promising system for the usage of carvacrol as a food preservative, nevertheless, more studies are required to make it’s application in food packaging viable.Keywords: Carvacrol. Natural preservatives. Liposomes. Food packaging.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carvacrol, Conservantes de alimentos, Lipossomas, Alimentos - Embalagens
Citação
TAVARES, Adassa Gama. Encapsulação de carvacrol em lipossomas para aplicação em embalagem ativa para alimentos. 2020. 99 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.