Leishmaniose visceral: uso de heparina 2-O-3-O dessulfatada (ODSH) no tratamento experimental em modelo murino e desenvolvimento de vacina de mRNA
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As leishmanioses são doenças negligenciadas que representam um importante problema de saúde pública em países subdesenvolvidos de clima tropical. São causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e podem se manifestar na forma cutânea, que é mais comum, e visceral, a forma mais grave e potencialmente fatal. Atualmente não há vacinas disponíveis para humanos e a quimioterapia possui custo elevado, com perda de eficácia nos últimos anos. Estes cenários evidenciam a urgência na busca por uma vacina contra as leishmanioses e, enquanto esta não é alcançada, é relevante que os tratamentos sejam aprimorados ou novos e mais eficazes sejam desenvolvidos. Como forma de contribuir para o alcance destas demandas, esta tese apresenta dois capítulos. O primeiro aborda um ensaio pré- clínico de tratamento de leishmaniose visceral com um fármaco anteriormente utilizado em experimentos in vitro em nosso laboratório, a heparina 2-O, 3-O dessulfatada (ODSH). Neste capítulo, uma combinação de ODSH com Glucantime® demonstrou efeitos na redução de carga parasitária in vitro em macrófagos e in vivo no baço do modelo murino utilizado. De modo geral, quase todos os grupos estiveram dentro dos valores de referência para marcadores de função hepática e renal e não houve diferença significativa na reação granulomatosa entre os grupos. O segundo capítulo se baseia no desenvolvimento de vacina de mRNA em nanopartículas lipídicas (mRNA-LNPs), tecnologia que ficou em evidência nos últimos anos em virtude da pandemia de COVID-19. Neste capítulo, a formulação se mostrou estável por até 2 semanas conservada em sacarose a 4 ºC ou 20 ºC, sem toxicidade in vitro, e foi capaz de entregar o mRNA às células in vivo, com tradução e produção da proteína Red Firefly luciferase em camundongos BALB/c. Estes capítulos se apresentam como contribuição para a contínua busca no aprimoramento dos tratamentos para a leishmaniose visceral, bem como para a busca do desenvolvimento de vacina protetora contra esta doença. Palavras-chave: leishmaniose visceral; tratamento; biotecnologia; vacina de mRNA
Leishmaniasis are neglected diseases that represent a major public health problem in underdeveloped tropical countries. They are caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and may manifest as the cutaneous form, which is the most common, or the visceral form, which is the most severe and potentially fatal. Currently, there are no vaccines available for humans, and chemotherapy is costly and has lost efficacy in recent years. These circumstances highlight the urgency of developing a vaccine against leishmaniases and, while this goal has not yet been achieved, underscore the importance of improving existing treatments or developing new and more effective ones. As a contribution to addressing these needs, this thesis is presented in two chapters. The first addresses a preclinical assay for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis using a drug previously employed in in vitro experiments in our laboratory, 2-O, 3-O-desulfated heparin (ODSH). In this chapter, the combination of ODSH with Glucantime demonstrated effects in reducing parasite burden both in vitro in macrophages and in vivo in the spleen. Overall, nearly all groups remained within reference values for the evaluated hepatic and renal function markers. The second chapter is based on the development of an mRNA vaccine formulated in lipid nanoparticles, a technology that has gained prominence in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, the formulation proved to be stable for up to two weeks with sucrose at 4 °C or 20 °C, showed no in vitro toxicity, and was able to deliver mRNA to cells in vivo, with translation and production of the Red Firefly luciferase protein encoded by the nucleic acid. These chapters represent a contribution to the ongoing efforts to improve treatments for visceral leishmaniasis, as well as to the pursuit of developing a protective vaccine against this disease. Keywords: visceral leishmaniasis; treatment; biotechnology; mRNA vaccine
Leishmaniasis are neglected diseases that represent a major public health problem in underdeveloped tropical countries. They are caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and may manifest as the cutaneous form, which is the most common, or the visceral form, which is the most severe and potentially fatal. Currently, there are no vaccines available for humans, and chemotherapy is costly and has lost efficacy in recent years. These circumstances highlight the urgency of developing a vaccine against leishmaniases and, while this goal has not yet been achieved, underscore the importance of improving existing treatments or developing new and more effective ones. As a contribution to addressing these needs, this thesis is presented in two chapters. The first addresses a preclinical assay for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis using a drug previously employed in in vitro experiments in our laboratory, 2-O, 3-O-desulfated heparin (ODSH). In this chapter, the combination of ODSH with Glucantime demonstrated effects in reducing parasite burden both in vitro in macrophages and in vivo in the spleen. Overall, nearly all groups remained within reference values for the evaluated hepatic and renal function markers. The second chapter is based on the development of an mRNA vaccine formulated in lipid nanoparticles, a technology that has gained prominence in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, the formulation proved to be stable for up to two weeks with sucrose at 4 °C or 20 °C, showed no in vitro toxicity, and was able to deliver mRNA to cells in vivo, with translation and production of the Red Firefly luciferase protein encoded by the nucleic acid. These chapters represent a contribution to the ongoing efforts to improve treatments for visceral leishmaniasis, as well as to the pursuit of developing a protective vaccine against this disease. Keywords: visceral leishmaniasis; treatment; biotechnology; mRNA vaccine
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RAIMUNDO, Vagner Dias. Leishmaniose visceral: uso de heparina 2-O-3-O dessulfatada (ODSH) no tratamento experimental em modelo murino e desenvolvimento de vacina de mRNA. 2026. 88 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia Celular e Estrutural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
