Efeito do genótipo e da temperatura ambiente na expressão dos genes do estresse oxidativo e do choque térmico em suínos em crescimento
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Além dos efeitos negativos nas respostas de desempenho, a exposição dos animais de produção às altas temperaturas ambientais resulta em aumento do estresse oxidativo, desnaturação e perda da função das proteínas, apoptose e dano celular. Nesse contexto, com o objetivo de identificar se a variação na termotolerância em diferentes genótipos está associada a mecanismos e processos de proteção celular, avaliou-se efeito da alta temperatura ambiente na expressão dos genes do estresse oxidativo e do choque térmico em suínos de linhagem comercial; suínos puros da raça naturalizada brasileira Piau; e suínos cruzados comercial × Piau. Foram utilizadas amostras de Longissimus dorsi e do tecido hepático de coletadas em dois experimentos para realização das análises de expressão gênica. No primeiro experimento, suínos da raça Piau foram submetidos a condições ambientais de termoneutralidade (22ºC) e alta temperatura ambiental (30ºC). No segundo experimento, foram utilizadas as mesmas condições ambientais (termoneutralidade e alta temperatura), contudo foram avaliados animais de linhagem comercial e cruzados comercial × Piau. As médias ajustadas foram comparadas pelo teste de Bonferroni e os efeitos considerados significativos se P<0,05. Em suínos Piau, a temperatura influenciou (P<0,05) na expressão de mRNA dos genes CAT, GPX, HSP90, SOD-1 e SOD-2. No entanto, não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) para expressão do gene HSP70 no tecido hepático. Para essa raça, no músculo Longissimus dorsi, a temperatura não influenciou (P>0,05) a expressão dos genes CAT, GPX, HSP70, HSP90, SOD-1. No entando, a expressão de mRN/A do gene SOD-2 aumentou (P<0,05) quando suínos Piau foram submetidos a alta temperatura ambiental. Em termos dos efeitos da temperatura ambiente na expressão hepática em suínos de linhagem comercial e cruzados, não foi observada interação entre os fatores genótipo e temperatura para expressão de mRNA dos genes CAT, GPX, HSP70, HSP90 e SOD-1 (P>0,05). No entanto, houve interação (P<0,05) entre os fatores genótipo e temperatura para expressão de mRNA da SOD- 2, animais cruzados apresentaram maiores niveis de expressão de mRNA do gene SOD-2 em comparação a linhagem comercial quando expostos a termoneutralidade. Adicionalmente, suínos cruzados apresentaram aumento na expressão de mRNA do gene CAT quando comparados aos animais comerciais. Independente do genótipo, quando expostos a 30°C ocorreu maior expressão (P<0,05) de mRNA do gene SOD-1 quando comparados com suínos a 22°C. A exposição a alta temperatura resultou em aumento da expressão dos genes CAT, GPX, HSP90, SOD-1 e SOD-2 no tecido hepático da raça nativa Piau, quando comparado aos animais expostos a temperatura termoneutra, o que evidencia a importância desses genes na adaptação de suínos a altas temperaturas ambientais. O genótipo comercial apresentou maiores níveis de expressão dos genes antioxidantes, CAT e GPX no longissimus dorsi quando comparado aos animais cruzados, o que sugere maior necessidade de atividade de enzimas antioxidantes em virtude do maior desempenho produtivo e consequente maior produção de calor metabólico. Palavras-chave: Estresse por calor. Genética. Piau. Termotolerância.
In addition to the negative effects on performance responses, the exposure of production animals to high ambient temperatures results in increased oxidative stress, denaturation and loss of protein function, apoptosis and cellular damage. Therefore, in order to identify whether variation in thermotolerance in different genotypes is associated with cellular protection mechanisms and processes, we evaluated the effect of high ambient temperature on the expression of oxidative stress and heat shock genes in commercial pigs; purebred Brazilian naturalized Piau pigs; and commercial × Piau crossbred pigs. Longissimus dorsi and liver tissue samples from two experiments were used to perform gene expression analyses. In the first experiment, Piau pigs were subjected to thermoneutral (22ºC) and high ambient temperature (30ºC) conditions. In the second experiment, the same environmental conditions were used (thermoneutrality and high ambient temperature), however, animals of commercial and commercial × Piau crossbreeds were evaluated. The adjusted means were compared by Bonferroni test and the effects were considered significant if P<0.05. In Piau pigs, temperature influenced (P<0.05) mRNA expression of CAT, GPX, HSP90, SOD-1 and SOD- 2 genes. However, no significant effect (P>0.05) was observed for HSP70 gene expression in liver tissue. In the Longissimus dorsi muscle, temperature did not influence (P>0.05) the expression of genes CAT, GPX, HSP70, HSP90, SOD-1. However, mRNA expression of SOD-2 gene increased (P<0.05) when Piau pigs were subjected to high ambient temperature. In regard to the effects of ambient temperature on liver expression in commercial and crossbred pigs, no interaction was observed between genotype and ambient temperature for mRNA expression of CAT, GPX, HSP70, HSP90 and SOD-1 genes (P>0.05). However, there was an interaction (P<0.05) between the genotype and ambient temperature for SOD-2 mRNA expression. Crossbred animals had greater levels of SOD-2 gene mRNA expression compared to commercial pigs exposed to thermoneutrality. In addition, crossbred pigs had greater mRNA expression of CAT gene when compared to commercial pigs. Regardless of the genotype, when exposed to 30°C a greater expression (P<0.05) of mRNA of SOD-1 gene was observed when compared to 22°C. Exposure to high temperature resulted in increased expression of CAT, GPX, HSP90, SOD- 1 and SOD-2 genes in the liver tissue of the native breed Piau when compared to animals exposed to thermoneutral temperature, which highlights the importance of these genes for the adaptation of pigs to high environmental temperatures. The commercial genotype showed higher expression levels of the antioxidant genes, CAT and GPX in the Longissimus dorsi when compared to crossbred animals, which suggests a greater need for antioxidant enzyme activity due to the higher productive performance and consequent higher metabolic heat production. Keywords: Heat stress. Genetics. Piau. Thermotolerance.
In addition to the negative effects on performance responses, the exposure of production animals to high ambient temperatures results in increased oxidative stress, denaturation and loss of protein function, apoptosis and cellular damage. Therefore, in order to identify whether variation in thermotolerance in different genotypes is associated with cellular protection mechanisms and processes, we evaluated the effect of high ambient temperature on the expression of oxidative stress and heat shock genes in commercial pigs; purebred Brazilian naturalized Piau pigs; and commercial × Piau crossbred pigs. Longissimus dorsi and liver tissue samples from two experiments were used to perform gene expression analyses. In the first experiment, Piau pigs were subjected to thermoneutral (22ºC) and high ambient temperature (30ºC) conditions. In the second experiment, the same environmental conditions were used (thermoneutrality and high ambient temperature), however, animals of commercial and commercial × Piau crossbreeds were evaluated. The adjusted means were compared by Bonferroni test and the effects were considered significant if P<0.05. In Piau pigs, temperature influenced (P<0.05) mRNA expression of CAT, GPX, HSP90, SOD-1 and SOD- 2 genes. However, no significant effect (P>0.05) was observed for HSP70 gene expression in liver tissue. In the Longissimus dorsi muscle, temperature did not influence (P>0.05) the expression of genes CAT, GPX, HSP70, HSP90, SOD-1. However, mRNA expression of SOD-2 gene increased (P<0.05) when Piau pigs were subjected to high ambient temperature. In regard to the effects of ambient temperature on liver expression in commercial and crossbred pigs, no interaction was observed between genotype and ambient temperature for mRNA expression of CAT, GPX, HSP70, HSP90 and SOD-1 genes (P>0.05). However, there was an interaction (P<0.05) between the genotype and ambient temperature for SOD-2 mRNA expression. Crossbred animals had greater levels of SOD-2 gene mRNA expression compared to commercial pigs exposed to thermoneutrality. In addition, crossbred pigs had greater mRNA expression of CAT gene when compared to commercial pigs. Regardless of the genotype, when exposed to 30°C a greater expression (P<0.05) of mRNA of SOD-1 gene was observed when compared to 22°C. Exposure to high temperature resulted in increased expression of CAT, GPX, HSP90, SOD- 1 and SOD-2 genes in the liver tissue of the native breed Piau when compared to animals exposed to thermoneutral temperature, which highlights the importance of these genes for the adaptation of pigs to high environmental temperatures. The commercial genotype showed higher expression levels of the antioxidant genes, CAT and GPX in the Longissimus dorsi when compared to crossbred animals, which suggests a greater need for antioxidant enzyme activity due to the higher productive performance and consequent higher metabolic heat production. Keywords: Heat stress. Genetics. Piau. Thermotolerance.
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SANTOS, Gabryele Almeida. Efeito do genótipo e da temperatura ambiente na expressão dos genes do estresse oxidativo e do choque térmico em suínos em crescimento. 2022. 46 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
