Desenvolvimento e validação de um teste rápido indireto para diagnóstico de COVID 19 usando proteínas quiméricas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 foi o nome dado ao vírus responsável pela maior pandemia deste século. A doença causada por este vírus foi denominada COVID-19. Esta situação demonstrou a dependência do Brasil quanto a insumos para o combate à pandemia. Desta forma, devido à escassez de testes nacionais e à necessidade de importação de insumos para fazer kits de diagnóstico, nosso grupo de pesquisa iniciou o desenvolvimento de kit de diagnóstico rápido nacional para COVID-19. Para isso, foram desenhadas duas proteínas quiméricas contendo regiões que codificam as proteínas N e S, que são diretamente ligadas à antigenicidade e infecciosidade do vírus. Tais proteínas foram denominadas Quimera e Quimera Gold. Neste trabalho, foram realizados testes com propósito produzir, estabilizar e fazer a validação destas proteínas como antígenos no diagnóstico indireto de COVID-19. As proteínas purificadas foram validadas por ensaio de ELISA e utilizadas em teste rápido imunocromatográfico. A proteína Quimera teve baixa adsorção ao ouro coloidal, utilizado para revelar o teste rápido. Ao final, foi produzido um protótipo de kit de diagnóstico rápido, no qual verificamos a capacidade desses antígenos em detectar a presença de anticorpos IgM e IgG em amostras de pacientes com COVID-19. Considerando o conjunto de amostras biológicas, obteve-se uma sensibilidade igual a 57% e especificidade de 91%, o que representa concordância geral de 77,8% em relação ao RT-PCR, para IgG e IgM. Já em comparação com outros testes rápidos disponíveis comercialmente no Brasil e regularizados na Anvisa, o mesmo apresentou co- sensibilidade de 78% e co-especificidade de 100%, o que representa 93% de concordância geral. Com estes resultados esperamos contribuir para a nacionalização de insumos e de kits de diagnóstico indireto de COVID-19, proporcionando uma emancipação para o Brasil no que diz respeito ao diagnostico, e promovendo para a sociedade uma melhor qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave: COVID 19. Teste rápido indireto. LFIA. Quimera. Quimera Gold.
The SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the major pandemic of this century, which causes a disease called COVID-19. During the outburst of the pandemic, Brazil became dependent on the importation of inputs in order to combat the disease, which was due to the scarcity of national diagnostic tests or supplies to produce them. In this context, our research group focused on the development of national and rapid COVID-19 diagnostic kits. To do so, two chimeric proteins were designed to contain regions that encode both the N and S proteins, which are directly related to the antigenicity and infectivity of the virus. These proteins were named Chimera and Chimera Gold. In this work, we aimed to produce, stabilize, and validate these proteins as antigens in the indirect diagnosis of COVID-19. The purified proteins were evaluated by ELISA and rapid immunochromatographic test. The Chimera protein, which was the original design of the antigen, had low adsorption to colloidal gold, which is crucial for the development of lateral flow devices. Thus, the Chimera Gold was designed by adding a gold-binding peptide to the antigen. A rapid diagnostic kit prototype was produced, and used to validate the ability of these antigens in the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID- 19 human samples. The test had a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 91%, which represents an overall agreement of 77.8% with RT-PCR. In comparison with other rapid tests commercially available in Brazil and regulated by ANVISA, it showed a co-sensitivity of 78% and co-specificity of 100%, which represents 93% of general agreement. With these results, we hope to contribute to the nationalization of supplies and kits for indirect diagnosis of COVID-19, providing an emancipation of the Brazilian diagnosis, and promoting a better quality of life for society. Keywords: COVID-19. Indirect rapid test. LFIA. Chimera. Gold Chimera.
The SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the major pandemic of this century, which causes a disease called COVID-19. During the outburst of the pandemic, Brazil became dependent on the importation of inputs in order to combat the disease, which was due to the scarcity of national diagnostic tests or supplies to produce them. In this context, our research group focused on the development of national and rapid COVID-19 diagnostic kits. To do so, two chimeric proteins were designed to contain regions that encode both the N and S proteins, which are directly related to the antigenicity and infectivity of the virus. These proteins were named Chimera and Chimera Gold. In this work, we aimed to produce, stabilize, and validate these proteins as antigens in the indirect diagnosis of COVID-19. The purified proteins were evaluated by ELISA and rapid immunochromatographic test. The Chimera protein, which was the original design of the antigen, had low adsorption to colloidal gold, which is crucial for the development of lateral flow devices. Thus, the Chimera Gold was designed by adding a gold-binding peptide to the antigen. A rapid diagnostic kit prototype was produced, and used to validate the ability of these antigens in the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID- 19 human samples. The test had a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 91%, which represents an overall agreement of 77.8% with RT-PCR. In comparison with other rapid tests commercially available in Brazil and regulated by ANVISA, it showed a co-sensitivity of 78% and co-specificity of 100%, which represents 93% of general agreement. With these results, we hope to contribute to the nationalization of supplies and kits for indirect diagnosis of COVID-19, providing an emancipation of the Brazilian diagnosis, and promoting a better quality of life for society. Keywords: COVID-19. Indirect rapid test. LFIA. Chimera. Gold Chimera.
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Citation
LOPES, Letícia Alves. Desenvolvimento e validação de um teste rápido indireto para diagnóstico de COVID 19 usando proteínas quiméricas. 2022. 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
