Ação de Duddingtonia flagrans comparada a associação de Duddingtonia flagrans e Pochonia chlamydosporia no controle biológico de nematoides de bovinos e crescimento de fungos nematófagos na presença de anti-helmínticos
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2024-09-09
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A criação de bovinos apresenta influência pelos nematoides gastrointestinais, sendo a prática fundamental para a economia brasileira. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a ação dos fungos Duddingtonia flagrans e Pochonia chlamydosporia na redução dos helmintos gastroinstestinais de bovinos criados extensivamente em pastagens, avaliar ação e atividade nematicida dos fungos D. flagrans (isolado AC001) e P. chlamydosporia (isolado VC4), por meio da contagens de ovos de helmintos parasitos por grama de fezes (OPG) e as reduções do número de larvas infectantes (L3) recuperadas das coproculturas das fezes e da pastagem, além de avaliar o crescimento dos fungos D. flagrans (isolado AC001), P. chlamydosporia (isolado VC4) e Arthrobotrys.musiformis (isolado I144) sob efeito in vitro de abamectina, albendazol e levamisol. A avaliação da atividade nematicida dos fungos foi realizada com dezoito bovinos machos Holstein x Zebu, com idades entre 12 e 15 meses, foram divididos em três grupos de seis animais: T1, T2 e controle. O grupo T1 recebeu uma formulação oral contendo D. flagrans, e o grupo T2 recebeu uma formulação contendo D. flagrans e P. chlamydosporia e o controle que não recebeu tratamento. Os animais foram mantidos em cercados naturalmente infestados com larvas de nematoides (L3). Durante nove meses, a carga parasitária foi monitorada por meio de amostragens fecais e coleta de pasto para determinar a infestação de L3 no ambiente. Devido à baixa precipitação durante o experimento, a recuperação de L3 das pastagens foi baixa. No entanto, a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) foi significativamente menor nos grupos T1 e T2 em comparação ao grupo controle em abril, maio e julho. Em março, os valores foram menores apenas no grupo T1 em relação ao controle. A administração dos fungos na dosagem de 6 g/100 kg de peso vivo, contendo 106 clamidósporos de cada fungo por grama, reduziu tanto o OPG quanto a infestação de L3 nas pastagens, indicando a eficácia dos fungos no controle dos nematoides gastrintestinais. Na influência de anti-helmínticos comerciais sobre o crescimento de fungos nematófagos. Foram testados os anti-helmínticos cloridrato de levamisole 7,5% (Ripercol®), solução de abamectina 1% (Calbos®) e solução de sulfóxido de albendazole 15% (Agebendazole®). As formulações foram diluídas em quatro níveis de concentração: 1, 10, 100 e 1000 ppm para albendazol e abamectina, e 2;23; 22,3; 223 e 2230 ppm para levamisole. Os tratamentos foram acompanhados por controles: negativo (meio de cultura PDA 2%), positivo (meio de cultura com estirpe fúngica) e de água. O crescimento dos fungos A. musiformis, D. flagrans e P. chlamydosporia foi analisado em esquema fatorial com três repetições. Os resultados mostraram que A. musiformis e P. chlamydosporia sofreram menor influência dos anti- helmínticos em comparação a D. flagrans, que apresentou maior inibição de crescimento. O albendazol, nas concentrações de 1 e 10 ppm, teve maior impacto no crescimento dos fungos. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de compreensão detalhada da viabilidade das associações entre anti-helmínticos e fungos nematófagos para o estabelecimento de protocolos eficazes de controle integrado de nematoides gastrointestinais. Palavras-chave: Bovinocultura. Controle integrado. Fungos helmintófagos. Redução de helmintos.
Cattle farming is influenced by gastrointestinal nematodes, and this practice is fundamental to the Brazilian economy. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the action of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans and Pochonia chlamydosporia in reducing the gastrointestinal helminths of cattle raised extensively on pasture, to evaluate the action and nematicidal activity of the fungi D. flagrans (isolate AC001) and P. chlamydosporia (isolate VC4), by means of parasitic helminth egg counts. By means of parasitic helminth egg counts per gram of feces (EPG) in faeces and reductions in the number of infective larvae (L3) recovered from coprocultures of faeces and pasture, as well as assessing the growth of the fungi D. flagrans and P. chlamydosporia and Arthrobotrys musiformis (isolate I144) under the in vitro effects of abamectin, albendazole and levamisole. The evaluation of the nematicidal activity of the fungi was carried out on eighteen Holstein x Zebu male cattle, aged between 12 and 15 months, which were divided into three groups of six animals: T1, T2 and control. The T1 group received an oral formulation containing D. flagrans, the T2 group received a formulation containing D. flagrans and P. chlamydosporia and the control received no treatment. The animals were kept in pens naturally infested with nematode larvae (L3). For nine months, the parasite load was monitored through fecal sampling and pasture collection to determine the infestation of L3 in the environment. Due to the low rainfall during the experiment, the recovery of L3 from the pastures was low. However, the egg count per gram of feces (EPG) was significantly lower in groups T1 and T2 compared to the control group in April, May and July. In March, the values were lower only in group T1 compared to the control. The administration of the fungi at a dosage of 6 g/100 kg live weight, containing 106 chlamydospores of each fungus per gram, reduced both OPG and L3 infestation in the pastures, indicating the effectiveness of the fungi in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes. The influence of commercial anthelmintics on the growth of nematophagous fungi. The anthelmintics tested were levamisole hydrochloride 7.5% (Ripercol®), abamectin solution 1% (Calbos®) and albendazole sulphoxide solution 15% (Agebendazole®). The formulations were diluted at four concentration levels: 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm for albendazole and abamectin, and 2.23, 22.3, 223 and 2230 ppm for levamisole. The treatments were accompanied by controls: negative (2% PDA culture medium), positive (culture medium with the fungal strain) and water. The growth of the fungi A. musiformis, D. flagrans and P. chlamydosporia was analysed in a factorial design with three replicates. The results showed that A. musiformis and P. chlamydosporia suffered less influence from anthelmintics compared to D. flagrans, which showed greater growth inhibition. Albendazole, at concentrations of 1 and 10 ppm, had the greatest impact on fungal growth. These results indicate the need for a detailed understanding of the viability of associations between anthelmintics and nematophagous fungi in order to establish effective integrated control protocols for gastrointestinal nematodes. Keywords: Bovine farming. Helminthophagous fungi. Helminth reduction. Integrated control.
Cattle farming is influenced by gastrointestinal nematodes, and this practice is fundamental to the Brazilian economy. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the action of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans and Pochonia chlamydosporia in reducing the gastrointestinal helminths of cattle raised extensively on pasture, to evaluate the action and nematicidal activity of the fungi D. flagrans (isolate AC001) and P. chlamydosporia (isolate VC4), by means of parasitic helminth egg counts. By means of parasitic helminth egg counts per gram of feces (EPG) in faeces and reductions in the number of infective larvae (L3) recovered from coprocultures of faeces and pasture, as well as assessing the growth of the fungi D. flagrans and P. chlamydosporia and Arthrobotrys musiformis (isolate I144) under the in vitro effects of abamectin, albendazole and levamisole. The evaluation of the nematicidal activity of the fungi was carried out on eighteen Holstein x Zebu male cattle, aged between 12 and 15 months, which were divided into three groups of six animals: T1, T2 and control. The T1 group received an oral formulation containing D. flagrans, the T2 group received a formulation containing D. flagrans and P. chlamydosporia and the control received no treatment. The animals were kept in pens naturally infested with nematode larvae (L3). For nine months, the parasite load was monitored through fecal sampling and pasture collection to determine the infestation of L3 in the environment. Due to the low rainfall during the experiment, the recovery of L3 from the pastures was low. However, the egg count per gram of feces (EPG) was significantly lower in groups T1 and T2 compared to the control group in April, May and July. In March, the values were lower only in group T1 compared to the control. The administration of the fungi at a dosage of 6 g/100 kg live weight, containing 106 chlamydospores of each fungus per gram, reduced both OPG and L3 infestation in the pastures, indicating the effectiveness of the fungi in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes. The influence of commercial anthelmintics on the growth of nematophagous fungi. The anthelmintics tested were levamisole hydrochloride 7.5% (Ripercol®), abamectin solution 1% (Calbos®) and albendazole sulphoxide solution 15% (Agebendazole®). The formulations were diluted at four concentration levels: 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm for albendazole and abamectin, and 2.23, 22.3, 223 and 2230 ppm for levamisole. The treatments were accompanied by controls: negative (2% PDA culture medium), positive (culture medium with the fungal strain) and water. The growth of the fungi A. musiformis, D. flagrans and P. chlamydosporia was analysed in a factorial design with three replicates. The results showed that A. musiformis and P. chlamydosporia suffered less influence from anthelmintics compared to D. flagrans, which showed greater growth inhibition. Albendazole, at concentrations of 1 and 10 ppm, had the greatest impact on fungal growth. These results indicate the need for a detailed understanding of the viability of associations between anthelmintics and nematophagous fungi in order to establish effective integrated control protocols for gastrointestinal nematodes. Keywords: Bovine farming. Helminthophagous fungi. Helminth reduction. Integrated control.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bovinos - Doenças - Tratamento, Sistema gastrointestinal - Doenças - Tratamento, Nematoda, Fungos nematófogos
Citação
VIDAL, Maria Larissa Bitencourt. Ação de Duddingtonia flagrans comparada a associação de Duddingtonia flagrans e Pochonia chlamydosporia no controle biológico de nematoides de bovinos e crescimento de fungos nematófagos na presença de anti-helmínticos. 2024. 61 f. Teses (Doutorado em Medicina Veterinária) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.