Avaliação de bactérias selecionadas por ecologia reversa no crescimento inicial do milho sob déficit hídrico
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Para garantir uma produtividade agropecuária eficiente e sustentável, diferentes estratégias vêm sendo estudadas. Sabe-se que a alimentação é um dos principais fatores que influenciam o desempenho animal; por outro lado, o período de seca é um desafio para a qualidade das culturas agrícolas. Uma estratégia para mitigar este problema é aproveitar a biodiversidade natural por meio da prospecção de microrganismos. Bactérias que habitam a rizosfera são capazes de auxiliar as plantas no enfrentamento da seca. No entanto, a seleção de microrganismos promotores de crescimento ainda é um processo pouco viável em larga escala. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo utilizar ferramentas de bioinformática baseadas em ecologia reversa para otimizar a seleção de microrganismos para promoção de crescimento de milho em déficit hídrico. No primeiro momento, 53 gêneros bacterianos com genomas depositados em bancos de dados públicos foram avaliados in silico quanto ao seu potencial em promover o crescimento do milho. Dos genomas avaliados, 12 gêneros apresentaram resultados para interações ecológicas positivas com a planta. Diante desses resultados, isolados representantes desses gêneros pertencentes à bacterioteca do Laboratório de Genética Molecular e de Microrganismos e do Grupo de Ecologia eco-evolutiva Microbiana foram sequenciados. Após o sequenciamento, uma nova rodagem de análises de ecologia reversa foi realizada, o que permitiu selecionar os isolados C90B, PE4A, SOY1 e SOY8 como os mais promissores. Os genomas de SOY1 e SOY8 revelaram BGCs relacionados à tolerância vegetal ao estresse abiótico, como o soluto compatível ectoína. Em PE4A, foram identificados todos os genes típicos de fixação biológica de nitrogênio. Já C90B exibiu uma diversidade de genes relacionados à neutralização do estresse oxidativo. No ensaio de germinação com redução de disponibilidade hídrica, PE4A e C90B elevaram a taxa de velocidade em -0,3 MPa. Já em -0,6 MPa, C90B e SOY8 se destacaram. No ensaio em casa de vegetação, 45 DAS, a inoculação promoveu o crescimento radicular sob déficit hídrico em 60% e 40% da CV. Ademais, SOY8 aumentou a massa seca de raiz em todas as condições, e sob 60% e 40% da CV, C90B e PE4A superaram o controle negativo. A ecologia reversa é uma abordagem recente, portanto pouco explorada na agricultura. Este trabalho demonstra seu potencial ao integrá-la a outras ferramentas genômicas, permitindo a seleção de bioinsumos de forma mais eficiente e rápida. Palavras-chave: déficit hídrico; rizosfera; prospecção microbiana; ecologia reversa.
Several strategies have been investigated to ensure efficient and sustainable agricultural and livestock productivity. Nutrition is one of the main factors influencing animal performance; however, the dry season represents a major challenge for maintaining the quality of agricultural crops. One effective strategy to mitigate this issue is to harness natural biodiversity by prospecting for microorganisms. Rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria can help plants cope with drought stress. Nevertheless, the selection of plant growth–promoting microorganisms is not easily scalable. In this context, this study applied reverse-ecology–based bioinformatic tools to optimize the selection of microorganisms capable of promoting maize growth under water deficit conditions. First, 53 bacterial genera with publicly available genomes were evaluated in silico for their potential to promote maize growth. Among these, 12 genera demonstrated positive predicted ecological associations with plants. Based on these results, representative isolates from these genera belonging to the culture collections of the Laboratory of Molecular and Microbial Genetics and the Microbial Eco-evolutionary Ecology Group were selected for sequencing. Following sequencing, another round of reverse-ecology analyses enabled the identification of C90B, PE4A, SOY1, and SOY8 as the most promising isolates. The genomes of SOY1 and SOY8 contained BGCs associated with plant tolerance to abiotic stress, such as the compatible solute ectoine. In PE4A, all canonical genes required for biological nitrogen fixation were identified. C90B exhibited a diverse repertoire of genes involved in oxidative stress mitigation. In the germination assay under reduced water availability, PE4A and C90B increased the germination speed index at -0.3 MPa, whereas at -0.6 MPa, C90B and SOY8 were the most effective. The inoculation promoted root growth under water deficit at 60% and 40% WHC. Additionally, SOY8 increased root dry mass under all conditions, and at both 60% and 40% WHC, C90B and PE4A outperformed the negative controls. Reverse ecology is a recent and underexplored approach in agriculture. This study highlights its potential by integrating it with genomic analyses, enabling a more efficient and faster selection of microbial inoculants. Keywords: water stress; rhizosphere; microbial prospecting; reverseecology.
Several strategies have been investigated to ensure efficient and sustainable agricultural and livestock productivity. Nutrition is one of the main factors influencing animal performance; however, the dry season represents a major challenge for maintaining the quality of agricultural crops. One effective strategy to mitigate this issue is to harness natural biodiversity by prospecting for microorganisms. Rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria can help plants cope with drought stress. Nevertheless, the selection of plant growth–promoting microorganisms is not easily scalable. In this context, this study applied reverse-ecology–based bioinformatic tools to optimize the selection of microorganisms capable of promoting maize growth under water deficit conditions. First, 53 bacterial genera with publicly available genomes were evaluated in silico for their potential to promote maize growth. Among these, 12 genera demonstrated positive predicted ecological associations with plants. Based on these results, representative isolates from these genera belonging to the culture collections of the Laboratory of Molecular and Microbial Genetics and the Microbial Eco-evolutionary Ecology Group were selected for sequencing. Following sequencing, another round of reverse-ecology analyses enabled the identification of C90B, PE4A, SOY1, and SOY8 as the most promising isolates. The genomes of SOY1 and SOY8 contained BGCs associated with plant tolerance to abiotic stress, such as the compatible solute ectoine. In PE4A, all canonical genes required for biological nitrogen fixation were identified. C90B exhibited a diverse repertoire of genes involved in oxidative stress mitigation. In the germination assay under reduced water availability, PE4A and C90B increased the germination speed index at -0.3 MPa, whereas at -0.6 MPa, C90B and SOY8 were the most effective. The inoculation promoted root growth under water deficit at 60% and 40% WHC. Additionally, SOY8 increased root dry mass under all conditions, and at both 60% and 40% WHC, C90B and PE4A outperformed the negative controls. Reverse ecology is a recent and underexplored approach in agriculture. This study highlights its potential by integrating it with genomic analyses, enabling a more efficient and faster selection of microbial inoculants. Keywords: water stress; rhizosphere; microbial prospecting; reverseecology.
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SILVA, Mirelly Jady Fernandes e. Avaliação de bactérias selecionadas por ecologia reversa no crescimento inicial do milho sob déficit hídrico. 2025. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
