Potencial de combinação entre linhagens de tomate Santa Cruz (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O tomate é uma hortaliça de grande relevância econômica global. Sua adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas permite o cultivo em diversas regiões. O tomate é usado tanto para consumo in natura quanto como matéria-prima na indústria. O Brasil se destaca como um dos maiores produtores mundiais da hortaliça. Nesse contexto, o melhoramento genético da cultura surgiu como uma alternativa para aumentar a produtividade, resistência a doenças e adaptabilidade, utilizando técnicas e aplicação genética para desenvolver novas cultivares de alta qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar híbridos em F1 de tomate Santa Cruz com base em características previamente escolhidas. Essa seleção foi realizada por meio de análise dialélica, considerando as capacidades de combinação entre os progenitores, divididas em capacidade geral e específica de combinação. O trabalho foi conduzido na Unidade de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (UEPE – Horta Velha) em Viçosa-MG. Foram selecionadas 09 linhagens de tomate Santa Cruz, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos e submetidas ao dialelo 4 x 5. Durante o estágio de florescimento das plantas foram realizados cruzamentos controlados. As flores hermafroditas foram emasculadas para evitar autofecundação. O pólen de flores masculinas foi depositado nas flores emasculadas, resultando em frutos. Após a colheita dos frutos, as sementes foram obtidas por meio de maceração deles. Foram obtidos 20 híbridos originados das combinações. Posteriormente, esses híbridos foram transplantados em campo para avaliação. Os caracteres avaliados foram divididos em três grupos: arquitetura de planta, qualidade do fruto e características agronômicas. Foram processadas análise de variância, análise dialelica, testes de médias Skott-Knott, Tukey, seleção dos melhores híbridos através do Índice Livre de Peso e Parâmetros, e análise das correlações genotípicas e fenotípicas. Houve efeitos estatisticamente significativos dos cruzamentos para quase todas as variáveis avaliadas. Com base nas capacidades geral e específica de combinação foram selecionadas as melhores combinações para cada caractere e, por meio delas, foram determinados os híbridos com melhor desempenho. Os caracteres de maior interesse foram produtividade estimada, número de frutos por planta, peso médio do fruto, Ph, Sólidos Solúveis Totais e Firmeza. Baseado na seleção unicaractere e por índice os melhores híbridos foram: H9, L5, H11, H19, H7 e H12,Os híbridos selecionados demonstram relevância biológica significativa. Isso se refletiu tanto na contribuição genotípica quanto na expressão de características fenotípicas relevantes para a produção comercial de tomate. Além disso, as linhagens genitoras, mesmo após passarem por seleções anteriores, ainda exibiram ampla variação genética. Palavras-chave: Tomate; Melhoramento genético; Capacidade de combinação; Dialelo; Híbridos; Produtividade.
Tomato is a globally significant horticultural crop. Its adaptability to various edaphoclimatic conditions allows for cultivation in diverse regions. Tomatoes are used both for fresh consumption and as a raw material in the industry. Brazil stands out as one of the world's largest producers of this vegetable. In this context, genetic improvement of the crop emerged as an alternative to increase productivity, disease resistance, and adaptability, utilizing genetic techniques and applications to develop new high-quality cultivars. The objective of this study was to select F1 tomato hybrids from the Santa Cruz variety based on previously chosen characteristics. This selection was carried out through diallel analysis, considering the combining abilities between parents, divided into general and specific combining ability. The work was conducted at the Teaching, Research, and Extension Unit (UEPE - Horta Velha) in Viçosa-MG. Nine Santa Cruz tomato lines were selected, divided into two groups and subjected to a 4 x 5 diallel. Controlled crosses were performed during the plant flowering stage. Hermaphrodite flowers were emasculated to prevent self-fertilization. Pollen from male flowers was deposited on emasculated flowers, resulting in fruits. After fruit harvest, seeds were obtained through maceration. Twenty hybrids were obtained from the combinations. Subsequently, these hybrids were transplanted into the field for evaluation. The evaluated characters were divided into three groups: plant architecture, fruit quality, and agronomic characteristics. Analysis of variance, diallel analysis, Skott-Knott and Tukey mean tests, selection of the best hybrids through the Free Weight and Parameters Index, and analysis of genotypic and phenotypic correlations were processed. There were statistically significant effects of crosses for almost all variables evaluated. Based on the general and specific combining abilities, the best combinations for each character were selected, and through them, the hybrids with the best performance were determined. The most interesting characters were estimated productivity, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, pH, Total Soluble Solids, and firmness. Based on single-character selection and by index, the best hybrids were: H9, L5, H11, H19, H7, and H12. The selected hybrids demonstrate significant biological relevance. This was reflected both in the genotypic contribution and in the expression of phenotypic characteristics relevant to commercial tomato production. In addition, the parental lines, even after previous selections, still exhibited wide genetic variation.. Keywords: Tomato; Genetic improvement; Combination capacity; Diallel; Hybrids; Productivity.
Tomato is a globally significant horticultural crop. Its adaptability to various edaphoclimatic conditions allows for cultivation in diverse regions. Tomatoes are used both for fresh consumption and as a raw material in the industry. Brazil stands out as one of the world's largest producers of this vegetable. In this context, genetic improvement of the crop emerged as an alternative to increase productivity, disease resistance, and adaptability, utilizing genetic techniques and applications to develop new high-quality cultivars. The objective of this study was to select F1 tomato hybrids from the Santa Cruz variety based on previously chosen characteristics. This selection was carried out through diallel analysis, considering the combining abilities between parents, divided into general and specific combining ability. The work was conducted at the Teaching, Research, and Extension Unit (UEPE - Horta Velha) in Viçosa-MG. Nine Santa Cruz tomato lines were selected, divided into two groups and subjected to a 4 x 5 diallel. Controlled crosses were performed during the plant flowering stage. Hermaphrodite flowers were emasculated to prevent self-fertilization. Pollen from male flowers was deposited on emasculated flowers, resulting in fruits. After fruit harvest, seeds were obtained through maceration. Twenty hybrids were obtained from the combinations. Subsequently, these hybrids were transplanted into the field for evaluation. The evaluated characters were divided into three groups: plant architecture, fruit quality, and agronomic characteristics. Analysis of variance, diallel analysis, Skott-Knott and Tukey mean tests, selection of the best hybrids through the Free Weight and Parameters Index, and analysis of genotypic and phenotypic correlations were processed. There were statistically significant effects of crosses for almost all variables evaluated. Based on the general and specific combining abilities, the best combinations for each character were selected, and through them, the hybrids with the best performance were determined. The most interesting characters were estimated productivity, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, pH, Total Soluble Solids, and firmness. Based on single-character selection and by index, the best hybrids were: H9, L5, H11, H19, H7, and H12. The selected hybrids demonstrate significant biological relevance. This was reflected both in the genotypic contribution and in the expression of phenotypic characteristics relevant to commercial tomato production. In addition, the parental lines, even after previous selections, still exhibited wide genetic variation.. Keywords: Tomato; Genetic improvement; Combination capacity; Diallel; Hybrids; Productivity.
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Silva, Wanderson Mateus Bispo da. Potencial de combinação entre linhagens de tomate Santa Cruz (Solanum lycopersicum L.). 2024. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
