Avaliação de linhagens de milho pipoca para a tolerância à seca em fase de germinação das sementes e crescimento inicial de plântulas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A deficiência hídrica em uma planta pode ser observada quando a demanda por água é superior ao fornecimento. Em regiões tropicais, é comum a ocorrência de estresses abióticos, sendo a deficiência hídrica um dos mais importantes. Plantas que possuem maior capacidade de tolerar a seca tendem a se desenvolver melhor em ambientes onde a seca é uma condição limitante ao desenvolvimento. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a diversidade genética entre acessos de milho-pipoca, identificar genótipos para tolerância à seca e identificar as características que mais contribuíram para conferir tolerância à seca. Desse modo, foram avaliadas 28 linhagens provenientes das populações Viçosa e Beija-Flor pertencentes ao Programa Milho-Pipoca/UFV, testadas com uma testemunha tolerante (MG580PW) e uma suscetível (FS481PW) à seca, pertencentes à empresa LongPing High Tech. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Sementes do DAA/UFV, em DIC, no esquema fatorial 30x2, sendo o primeiro fator correspondente aos genótipos e o segundo correspondente aos ambientes: 0 e -0.3 MPa. A seca foi induzida em laboratório através de solução contendo PEG 6000. O comprimento de parte aérea (CPA) e comprimento da raiz principal (CRP) foram mensurados no software ImageJ; o comprimento total da raiz (CTR), comprimento total da raiz fina (CTRF) e volume total de raiz (VTR) foram mensurados no software WinRHIZO Pro 2013; a germinação (GER) foi obtida por contagem de plântulas normais seguindo a RAS; a massa fresca da parte aérea (MFPA) foi mensurada em balança analítica, e a relação raiz/parte aérea (RPA) foi mensurada utilizando a matéria seca da raiz e da parte aérea. A partir da análise dos dados foram construídos índices de tolerância à seca e de performance na seca e no controle, a partir do qual os genótipos foram classificados em tolerantes, suscetíveis e intermediários à seca com o auxílio do intervalo de confiança. As análises de GGE Biplot foram utilizadas para agrupar os genótipos nos ambientes estudados e para identificar o genótipo ideal para ambos os ambientes. As Análises de Componentes Principais (PCA) foram utilizadas para identificar as características que mais contribuiram para selecionar linhagens tolerântes à seca. A análise de diversidade foi utilizada para agrupar os genótipos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e foi detectada variabilidade genética, distinção entre os ambientes e interação significativa entre genótipos e ambientes. De acordo com a posição dos genótipos no intervalo de confiança, 15-1334, 20-2009, 20-2012, 20-2024, 20-2031, 20-2039, 20-2044, e 20- 2048 foram classificadas como tolerantes à seca por ficaram posicionadas acima do limite superior. Do mesmo modo, 20-2005, 20-2006, 20-2011, 20-2014 e 20-2015 foram classificadas como suscetíveis à seca por ficaram posicionadas abaixo do limite inferior. Seguindo as análises de GGE Biplot, 20-2009 foi selecionada como o genótipo ideal para o desenvolvimento no controle e seca. Por fim, pela PCA pôde-se concluir que a seleção de linhagens de milho-pipoca para tolerância à seca em fase de germinação da semente e crescimento inicial da plântula pode ser baseada no CPA, CTR, MFPA e RPA em condição de deficiência hídrica induzida por PEG 6000. Palavras-chave: Estresse abiótico. Índice de tolerância. PEG 6000. Diversidade genética. GGE Biplot. PCA.
Water deficit in a plant can be seen when the demand for water is greater than the supply. In tropical regions, the occurrence of abiotic stresses is common, with water deficit being one of the most important. Plants that have a greater capacity to tolerate drought tend to do better in environments where drought is a limiting condition for development. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity among popcorn accessions, identify genotypes for drought tolerance and identify the characteristics that most contributed to provide drought tolerance. Thus, 28 strains from Viçosa and Beija-Flor populations belonging to the Milho- Pipoca/UFV Program were evaluated, tested with a tolerant (MG580PW) and a drought- susceptible (FS481PW) control, belonging to the LongPing High Tech company. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of DAA/UFV, in DIC, in a 30x2 factorial scheme, with the first factor corresponding to the genotypes and the second corresponding to the environments: 0 and -0.3 MPa. Drought was induced in the laboratory using a solution containing PEG 6000. The shoot length (CPA) and taproot length (CRP) were measured in ImageJ software; total root length (CTR), total fine root length (CTRF) and total root volume (VTR) were measured in WinRHIZO Pro 2013 software; germination (GER) was obtained by counting normal seedlings following RAS; shoot fresh mass (MFPA) was measured on an analytical balance, and the root/shoot ratio (RPA) was measured using root and shoot dry matter. From the data analysis, drought tolerance and drought performance and control indices were constructed, from which the genotypes were classified as tolerant, susceptible and intermediate to drought with the help of the confidence interval. The GGE Biplot analyzes were used to group the genotypes in the studied environments and to identify the ideal genotype for both environments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify the characteristics that most contributed to select drought tolerant lines. Diversity analysis was used to group the genotypes. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and genetic variability, distinction between environments and significant interaction between genotypes and environments were detected. According to the position of the genotypes in the confidence interval, 15-1334, 20-2009, 20-2012, 20-2024, 20-2031, 20-2039, 20-2044, and 20-2048 were classified as drought tolerant because they were positioned above the upper limit. Likewise, 20- 2005, 20-2006, 20-2011, 20-2014 and 20-2015 were classified as susceptible to drought because they were placed below the lower limit. Following GGE Biplot analyses, 20-2009 was selected as the ideal genotype for development in control and drought. Finally, by PCA it could be concluded that the selection of popcorn lines for drought tolerance during seed germination and initial seedling growth can be based on CPA, CTR, MFPA and RPA under induced water deficit condition per PEG 6000. Key words: Abiotic stress. Tolerance index. PEG 6000. Genetic diversity. GGE Biplot. PCA.
Water deficit in a plant can be seen when the demand for water is greater than the supply. In tropical regions, the occurrence of abiotic stresses is common, with water deficit being one of the most important. Plants that have a greater capacity to tolerate drought tend to do better in environments where drought is a limiting condition for development. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity among popcorn accessions, identify genotypes for drought tolerance and identify the characteristics that most contributed to provide drought tolerance. Thus, 28 strains from Viçosa and Beija-Flor populations belonging to the Milho- Pipoca/UFV Program were evaluated, tested with a tolerant (MG580PW) and a drought- susceptible (FS481PW) control, belonging to the LongPing High Tech company. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of DAA/UFV, in DIC, in a 30x2 factorial scheme, with the first factor corresponding to the genotypes and the second corresponding to the environments: 0 and -0.3 MPa. Drought was induced in the laboratory using a solution containing PEG 6000. The shoot length (CPA) and taproot length (CRP) were measured in ImageJ software; total root length (CTR), total fine root length (CTRF) and total root volume (VTR) were measured in WinRHIZO Pro 2013 software; germination (GER) was obtained by counting normal seedlings following RAS; shoot fresh mass (MFPA) was measured on an analytical balance, and the root/shoot ratio (RPA) was measured using root and shoot dry matter. From the data analysis, drought tolerance and drought performance and control indices were constructed, from which the genotypes were classified as tolerant, susceptible and intermediate to drought with the help of the confidence interval. The GGE Biplot analyzes were used to group the genotypes in the studied environments and to identify the ideal genotype for both environments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify the characteristics that most contributed to select drought tolerant lines. Diversity analysis was used to group the genotypes. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and genetic variability, distinction between environments and significant interaction between genotypes and environments were detected. According to the position of the genotypes in the confidence interval, 15-1334, 20-2009, 20-2012, 20-2024, 20-2031, 20-2039, 20-2044, and 20-2048 were classified as drought tolerant because they were positioned above the upper limit. Likewise, 20- 2005, 20-2006, 20-2011, 20-2014 and 20-2015 were classified as susceptible to drought because they were placed below the lower limit. Following GGE Biplot analyses, 20-2009 was selected as the ideal genotype for development in control and drought. Finally, by PCA it could be concluded that the selection of popcorn lines for drought tolerance during seed germination and initial seedling growth can be based on CPA, CTR, MFPA and RPA under induced water deficit condition per PEG 6000. Key words: Abiotic stress. Tolerance index. PEG 6000. Genetic diversity. GGE Biplot. PCA.
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RIBEIRO, Matheus Pereira. Avaliação de linhagens de milho pipoca para a tolerância à seca em fase de germinação das sementes e crescimento inicial de plântulas. 2021. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
