Diversidade genética, aspectos reprodutivos, divergência e correlação entre caracteres de fruto e semente de Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. JUSS. com ocorrência natural na região leste do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O muricizeiro (Byrsonima cydoniifolia) é uma espécie arbórea frutífera com potencial de mercado devido a qualidade de seus frutos, porém o conhecimento sobre os aspectos reprodutivos e diversidade genética desta espécie são escassos. Diante disso, o estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a diversidade genética por meio de marcadores moleculares, verificar o comportamento meiótico e a viabilidade polínica, bem como a divergência genética e a caracterização biométrica dos frutos e sementes de B. cydoniifolia na região leste do estado de Mato Grosso (MT). A diversidade e estrutura genética foi avaliada em 128 indivíduos, distribuídos em quatro populações nativas na região leste do estado de Mato Grosso, por meio de doze marcadores moleculares microssatélites. Os aspectos reprodutivos foram verificados por meio da viabilidade polínica via teste colorimétrico, comportamento meiótico e relação pólen/óvulo, em 20 indivíduos coletados na região leste do MT. A divergência genética e a caracterização biométrica dos frutos e sementes, foram avaliadas em 40 indivíduos de muricizeiros nativos da região leste do MT, por meio das técnicas de análise multivariada. Na avaliação molecular, foram amplificados 132 alelos, com média de 11 alelos por locus. O PIC médio foi de 0,667. He foi maior que Ho para todos os loci e populações analisadas. O índice de fixação médio por primers foi 0,639 e 0,615 por população, demonstrando que as populações apresentam endogamia. Foram encontrados 117 alelos raros, 43 alelos exclusivos e 26 alelos raros mais exclusivos nas populações. O maior componente de variação genética foi intrapopulacional. As populações dos munícipios de Barra do Garças e Cocalinho foram as mais divergentes entre as analisadas. A classificação morfológica dos grãos de pólen, apresentou polens prolato-esferoidal, pequenos, 3-colporados, com colpo denominando-se grãos de pólen tricolporados de área polar grande e exina microrreticulada. O índice meiótico diferiu entre as populações e entre os indivíduos, sendo superior a 95%. A viabilidade polínica foi eficiente na distinção dos pólens viáveis e inviáveis e superior a 90%. Os grãos de pólen possuem amido e lipídeos como substância de reserva. A divergência genética entre indivíduos de muricizeiros, apresentou cinco grupos distintos com base no método UPGMA e sete grupos no Tocher e dispersão gráfica. Os três primeiros componentes principais explicaram 83,83% da variação total. A característica ºbrix apresentou a maior contribuição relativa para a diferenciação dos indivíduos. Os frutos e sementes apresentaram fortes correlações positivas e negativas, evidenciando frutos com maior quantidade de massa. As populações avaliadas apresentam diversidade genética e devem ser conservadas, pois constituem fontes promissoras para programas de melhoramento genético. As informações sobre os aspectos reprodutivos, auxiliarão a compreender a ecologia, conservação, dispersão e o potencial de propagação que garante o sucesso reprodutivo da espécie. As variações divergentes e biométricas na espécie, mostrou potencial para programas de melhoramento. Palavras-chave: Murici; Recursos Genéticos; Conservação; Potencial; Melhoramento Genético.
The muricizeiro (Byrsonima cydoniifolia) is a fruit tree species with market potential due to the quality of its fruits, however knowledge about the reproductive aspects and genetic diversity of this species is scarce. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity through molecular markers, verify meiotic behavior and pollen viability, as well as genetic divergence and biometric characterization of the fruits and seeds of B. cydoniifolia in the eastern region of the state of MT. Genetic diversity and structure was evaluated in 128 individuals, distributed in four native populations in the eastern region of the state of Mato Grosso, using twelve microsatellite molecular markers. Reproductive aspects were verified through pollen viability via colorimetric test, meiotic behavior and pollen/ovule ratio, in 20 individuals collected in the eastern region of MT. The genetic divergence and biometric characterization of fruits and seeds were evaluated in 40 individuals from muric trees native to the eastern region of MT, using multivariate analysis techniques. In the molecular evaluation, 132 alleles were amplified, with an average of 11 alleles per locus. The average PIC was 0.667. He was greater than Ho for all loci and populations analyzed. The average fixation index for primers was 0.639 and 0.615 per population, demonstrating that the populations present inbreeding. 117 rare alleles, 43 exclusive alleles and 26 more exclusive rare alleles were found in the populations. The largest component of variation was intrapopulation. The populations of Barra do Garças and Cocalinho were the most divergent among the four analyzed. The morphological classification of pollen grains showed prolato-spheroidal, small, 3-colporate pollens, with colpus being called tricolporate pollen grains with a large polar area and microreticulate exine. The meiotic index differed between populations and individuals, being greater than 95%. Pollen viability was efficient in distinguishing viable and non-viable pollen and exceeded 90%. Pollen grains have starch and lipids as reserve substances. The genetic divergence between individuals of muricizeiros presented five distinct groups based on the UPGMA method and seven groups on the Tocher and graphic dispersion method. The first three principal components explained 83.83% of the total variation. The ºbrix characteristic presented the greatest relative contribution to the differentiation of individuals. The fruits and seeds showed strong positive and negative correlations, showing fruits with a greater amount of mass. The populations evaluated present genetic diversity and must be conserved, as they constitute promising sources for genetic improvement programs. Information on reproductive aspects will help to understand the ecology, conservation, dispersal and propagation potential that guarantees the reproductive success of the species. The divergent and biometric variations in the species showed potential for improvement programs. Keywords: Murici; Genetic Resources; Conservation; Potential; Genetic Improvement.
The muricizeiro (Byrsonima cydoniifolia) is a fruit tree species with market potential due to the quality of its fruits, however knowledge about the reproductive aspects and genetic diversity of this species is scarce. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity through molecular markers, verify meiotic behavior and pollen viability, as well as genetic divergence and biometric characterization of the fruits and seeds of B. cydoniifolia in the eastern region of the state of MT. Genetic diversity and structure was evaluated in 128 individuals, distributed in four native populations in the eastern region of the state of Mato Grosso, using twelve microsatellite molecular markers. Reproductive aspects were verified through pollen viability via colorimetric test, meiotic behavior and pollen/ovule ratio, in 20 individuals collected in the eastern region of MT. The genetic divergence and biometric characterization of fruits and seeds were evaluated in 40 individuals from muric trees native to the eastern region of MT, using multivariate analysis techniques. In the molecular evaluation, 132 alleles were amplified, with an average of 11 alleles per locus. The average PIC was 0.667. He was greater than Ho for all loci and populations analyzed. The average fixation index for primers was 0.639 and 0.615 per population, demonstrating that the populations present inbreeding. 117 rare alleles, 43 exclusive alleles and 26 more exclusive rare alleles were found in the populations. The largest component of variation was intrapopulation. The populations of Barra do Garças and Cocalinho were the most divergent among the four analyzed. The morphological classification of pollen grains showed prolato-spheroidal, small, 3-colporate pollens, with colpus being called tricolporate pollen grains with a large polar area and microreticulate exine. The meiotic index differed between populations and individuals, being greater than 95%. Pollen viability was efficient in distinguishing viable and non-viable pollen and exceeded 90%. Pollen grains have starch and lipids as reserve substances. The genetic divergence between individuals of muricizeiros presented five distinct groups based on the UPGMA method and seven groups on the Tocher and graphic dispersion method. The first three principal components explained 83.83% of the total variation. The ºbrix characteristic presented the greatest relative contribution to the differentiation of individuals. The fruits and seeds showed strong positive and negative correlations, showing fruits with a greater amount of mass. The populations evaluated present genetic diversity and must be conserved, as they constitute promising sources for genetic improvement programs. Information on reproductive aspects will help to understand the ecology, conservation, dispersal and propagation potential that guarantees the reproductive success of the species. The divergent and biometric variations in the species showed potential for improvement programs. Keywords: Murici; Genetic Resources; Conservation; Potential; Genetic Improvement.
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SANTOS, Jonis Franklin Leite dos. Diversidade genética, aspectos reprodutivos, divergência e correlação entre caracteres de fruto e semente de Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. JUSS. com ocorrência natural na região leste do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. 2024. 82 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
