Impactos da trajetória acadêmica na saúde dos estudantes de medicina
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Atualmente, a saúde mental dos estudantes é uma preocupação relevante, devido aos desafios únicos enfrentados na trajetória educacional. Especificamente, estudantes de cursos de saúde, como medicina, estão expostos a altos níveis de estresse devido à carga horária extensa, demandas acadêmicas rigorosas e exposição precoce a situações emocionalmente intensas. Esses fatores podem contribuir significativamente para o desenvolvimento de problemas como ansiedade, depressão e esgotamento emocional. Compreender esses impactos ajuda a promover o bem-estar e a garantir a formação de profissionais de saúde resilientes e capazes de lidar com as complexidades do ambiente clínico. Neste estudo, objetiva-se analisar o impacto da trajetória acadêmica na saúde de estudantes do curso de medicina de uma universidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Como metodologia, utiliza-se uma abordagem transversal, quantitativa e descritiva, coletando-se o sangue periférico de 118 estudantes de medicina (56 dos anos iniciais e 62 do internato), para posterior análise do hemograma completo e dos marcadores bioquímicos sorológicos (colesterol total, HDL, LDL, triglicerídeos, albumina, ureia, creatinina, AST, ALT, ácido úrico e vitamina B12). Esses dados foram relacionados à saúde mental dos participantes, verificando-se a incidência de depressão e de ansiedade através de instrumentos validados. Os resultados apontaram que alunos do internato possuem taxas significativamente maiores de hematócrito, colesterol total, LDL, triglicerídeos e ácido úrico quando comparados aos alunos dos anos iniciais. No entanto, não foi possível identificar diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos para vitamina B12, marcadores das funções renal e hepática. Ao correlacionar a saúde mental com os marcadores sorológicos, foi observada uma correlação negativa entre o nível de ansiedade e parâmetros do hemograma apenas para o grupo inicial, embora a incidência de anemia tenha se apresentado de forma similar entre os dois grupos avaliados. Identificou-se, no entanto, uma correlação positiva entre ansiedade e depressão com parâmetros inflamatórios apenas no grupo de estudantes do internato. Desse modo, é possível concluir que a trajetória do curso de medicina não impacta diretamente na saúde dos estudantes. Todavia, deve-se considerar a importância da saúde mental e dos aspectos relacionados a ela na formação destes estudantes. Por essa razão, foi desenvolvida uma cartilha sobre saúde mental, contendo direcionamentos importantes para estudantes e profissionais do meio acadêmico. Considera-se que investigações que exploram a interseção entre saúde mental e educação superior, como o presente estudo, são fundamentais para fomentar políticas e práticas que apoiem o equilíbrio entre formação acadêmica e saúde mental. Palavras-chave: Estudante de Medicina. Saúde Mental. Marcadores Bioquímicos.
Currently, students’ mental health is a relevant concern due to the unique challenges faced in their educational journey. Specifically, students in health-related fields such as medicine are exposed to high levels of stress due to extensive coursework, rigorous academic demands, and early exposure to emotionally intense situations. These factors can significantly contribute to the development of issues such as anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Understanding these impacts helps promote well-being and ensures the formation of resilient healthcare professionals capable of navigating the complexities of clinical environments. This study aims to analyze the impact of academic trajectory on the health of medical students at a university in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodology employs a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive approach, involving peripheral blood collection from 118 medical students (56 from early years and 62 from clerkship), followed by complete blood count and biochemical marker analysis (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, albumin, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, uric acid, and vitamin B12). These data were correlated with participants' mental health, assessing depression using the BDI inventory and anxiety using the BAI inventory. Results indicated significantly higher hematocrit, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and uric acid levels among clerkship students compared to those in early years. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups for vitamin B12 and markers of renal and hepatic functions. When correlating mental health with serological markers, a negative correlation between anxiety levels and hematological parameters was observed only in the early years group, although the incidence of anemia was similar between both groups. Conversely, a positive correlation between anxiety, depression, and inflammatory parameters was identified only in the clerkship student group. Thus, it can be concluded that the medical school trajectory does not negatively impact students' health, despite significant differences in the evaluated parameters. However, the importance of mental health and its related aspects in the education of these students must be considered. Hence, a mental health guidebook was developed, providing crucial guidance for students and professionals in the academic setting. Investigations exploring the intersection of mental health and higher education, like this study, are essential to inform policies and practices that support a balance between demanding academic training and sustainable psychological health. Keywords: Medical Student. Mental Health. Biochemical Markers.
Currently, students’ mental health is a relevant concern due to the unique challenges faced in their educational journey. Specifically, students in health-related fields such as medicine are exposed to high levels of stress due to extensive coursework, rigorous academic demands, and early exposure to emotionally intense situations. These factors can significantly contribute to the development of issues such as anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Understanding these impacts helps promote well-being and ensures the formation of resilient healthcare professionals capable of navigating the complexities of clinical environments. This study aims to analyze the impact of academic trajectory on the health of medical students at a university in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodology employs a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive approach, involving peripheral blood collection from 118 medical students (56 from early years and 62 from clerkship), followed by complete blood count and biochemical marker analysis (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, albumin, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, uric acid, and vitamin B12). These data were correlated with participants' mental health, assessing depression using the BDI inventory and anxiety using the BAI inventory. Results indicated significantly higher hematocrit, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and uric acid levels among clerkship students compared to those in early years. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups for vitamin B12 and markers of renal and hepatic functions. When correlating mental health with serological markers, a negative correlation between anxiety levels and hematological parameters was observed only in the early years group, although the incidence of anemia was similar between both groups. Conversely, a positive correlation between anxiety, depression, and inflammatory parameters was identified only in the clerkship student group. Thus, it can be concluded that the medical school trajectory does not negatively impact students' health, despite significant differences in the evaluated parameters. However, the importance of mental health and its related aspects in the education of these students must be considered. Hence, a mental health guidebook was developed, providing crucial guidance for students and professionals in the academic setting. Investigations exploring the intersection of mental health and higher education, like this study, are essential to inform policies and practices that support a balance between demanding academic training and sustainable psychological health. Keywords: Medical Student. Mental Health. Biochemical Markers.
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Citation
ALMEIDA, Maria Lúcia de. Impactos da trajetória acadêmica na saúde dos estudantes de medicina. 2024. 70 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
