A formação do sistema previdenciário brasileiro: 90 anos de história
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Data
2016-07
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Administração Pública e Gestão Social
Resumo
O trabalho objetivou traçar a evolução da Previdência Social brasileira nos 90 anos de história, para identificar obstáculos e entraves em seu percurso para a efetivação dos direitos sociais e entender quais fatores contribuíram para a formação da atual situação financeira. Optou por dividir os 90 anos que marcam o cenário previdenciário em cinco momentos distintos, conforme suas peculiaridades, baseando-se em estudos como os de Malloy (1979), Oliveira e Teixeira (1989), Vianna (1998) e Santos (2009), em que foram analisadas as questões financeiras e políticas e a influência dos modelos da administração pública na formação das políticas previdenciárias. Percebeu-se que as políticas previdenciárias têm se caracterizado por um papel pouco redistributivo, baixa legitimidade democrática das coalizões dos trabalhadores, falta de uma autonomia burocrática e profissionalização das classes sociais e a pequena capacidade de mobilização, dificultando a condução de políticas previdenciárias voltadas para atender as necessidades de bem-estar social da população.
The objective of this article was to trace the evolution of the Brazilian Social Security Program in its 90 years of history, aiming to identify possible obstacles and barriers in its path to the fulfillment of social rights and to understand which factors contributed to form the current financial situation of the social-security system. We chose to divide the 90 years that marked the social insurance scenario into five distinguished moments according to their peculiarities, based on studies such as those of Malloy (1979), Oliveira and Teixeira (1989), Vianna (1998) and Santos (2009), in which the aspects related to the financial and political issues as well as the influence of public administration models in the formation of the welfare policies were analyzed. We noticed that the social insurance policies have been characterized by having a somewhat small redistributive role, a low democratic legitimacy of workers coalitions, a lack of bureaucratic autonomy and of professionalization of social classes, and low mobilization ability, hindering the management of social-security policies aimed to meet the social-welfare requirements of the population.
The objective of this article was to trace the evolution of the Brazilian Social Security Program in its 90 years of history, aiming to identify possible obstacles and barriers in its path to the fulfillment of social rights and to understand which factors contributed to form the current financial situation of the social-security system. We chose to divide the 90 years that marked the social insurance scenario into five distinguished moments according to their peculiarities, based on studies such as those of Malloy (1979), Oliveira and Teixeira (1989), Vianna (1998) and Santos (2009), in which the aspects related to the financial and political issues as well as the influence of public administration models in the formation of the welfare policies were analyzed. We noticed that the social insurance policies have been characterized by having a somewhat small redistributive role, a low democratic legitimacy of workers coalitions, a lack of bureaucratic autonomy and of professionalization of social classes, and low mobilization ability, hindering the management of social-security policies aimed to meet the social-welfare requirements of the population.
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Palavras-chave
Previdência social, Evolução histórica, Políticas previdenciárias