Inóculo FMA on farm: desvendando o potencial funcional e diversidade microbiana associados ao cultivo de Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A aplicação de bioinoculantes é uma estratégia promissora para a produção de mudas florestais a serem implementadas em programas de reabilitação de áreas degradadas. Dentre os bioinoculantes, destaca-se o inóculo de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA), obtido pelo método on farm, dado seu baixo custo de produção, sua viabilidade técnica e seu potencial de adaptação local. Este trabalho teve como objetivos desvendar os efeitos do inóculo de FMA on farm no crescimento de Caesalpinia peltophoroides, nas propriedades físico-químicas do solo rizosférico e nutricionais vegetais, elucidar o impacto do inóculo na modulação da comunidade microbiana rizosférica e investigar o seu potencial funcional. Com esse intuito, a pesquisa se moldou em uma abordagem multifacetada e complementar, partindo da avaliação de parâmetros biométricos e edáficos do sistema planta-solo, análise de diversidade microbiana por sequenciamento de amplicon (RNAr 16S e ITS), bem como a análise do potencial funcional por metagenômica shotgun aliada à reconstrução de genomas microbianos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram benefícios significativos no crescimento de C. peltophoroides, com incrementos de até 299% na massa seca de raízes (de 2,15 g no controle para 8,30 g no tratamento inoculado), 137% na massa seca aérea (de 2,68 g para 6,34 g), e aumentos de 55% na altura total das plantas (de 44,7 cm para 69,0 cm). A colonização micorrízica atingiu 60% nas plantas inoculadas apenas com FMA on farm e 32% quando combinada com fertilização. Melhorias significativas foram observadas nas propriedades do solo, incluindo aumento da matéria orgânica, capacidade de troca catiônica e água disponível. A metataxonomia destacou nos tratamentos inoculados a presença de microrganismos como Pirellula, Nitrosomonadaceae, Coniochaeta e Septoglomus, associados à ciclagem de nutrientes, degradação de matéria orgânica e lignocelulose e à formação de micorriza arbuscular. Gêneros biomarcadores para o inóculo de FMA on farm em C. peltophoroides foram encontrados, gerando subsídios para monitoramento de sua eficácia e persistência. A metagenômica evidenciou uma especialização funcional da comunidade rizosférica, com menor número de genomas montados a partir de metagenomas desempenhando uma mesma função de forma eficiente. Com esses resultados, foi possível contribuir para a validação do FMA on farm, oferecendo insights para o entendimento de como esse inoculante atua na promoção de crescimento de plantas e gerando dados acerca de sua diversidade microbiana associada. Assim, este trabalho corrobora com o potencial do FMA on farm enquanto bioinoculante sustentável e eficiente. Os dados fornecem uma base científica para a aplicação deste bioinoculante em C. peltophoroides, bem como implementá-lo em programas de reabilitação de áreas impactadas, abrindo caminhos também para o desenvolvimento de metodologias de rastreamento com base em biomarcadores microbianos. Palavras-chave: fungos micorrízicos arbusculares; promoção de crescimento vegetal; metataxonomia; metagenômica.
The application of bioinoculants is a promising strategy for the production of forest seedlings intended for use in degraded area rehabilitation programs. Among bioinoculants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculum produced via the on farm method stands out due to its low production cost, technical feasibility, and potential for local adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of on-farm AMF inoculum on the growth of Caesalpinia peltophoroides, the physicochemical properties of rhizospheric soil, and plant nutritional status; to elucidate the inoculum’s impact on the modulation of the rhizospheric microbial community; and to explore its functional potential. To achieve these goals, the research adopted a multifaceted and complementary approach, encompassing the evaluation of biometric and edaphic parameters of the plant–soil system, microbial diversity analysis through amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS), and functional potential assessment via shotgun metagenomics combined with microbial genome reconstruction. The results demonstrated significant benefits to C. peltophoroides growth, with increases of up to 299% in root dry mass (from 2.15 g in the control to 8.30 g in the inoculated treatment), 137% in shoot dry mass (from 2.68 g to 6.34 g), and 55% in total plant height (from 44.7 cm to 69.0 cm). Mycorrhizal colonization reached 60% in plants inoculated solely with on-farm AMF and 32% when combined with fertilization. Significant improvements were observed in soil properties, including increases in organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and available water. Metataxonomic analysis revealed the presence of microorganisms such as Pirellula, Nitrosomonadaceae, Coniochaeta, and Septoglomus in inoculated treatments, associated with nutrient cycling, organic matter and lignocellulose degradation, and arbuscular mycorrhiza formation. Biomarker genera for the on-farm AMF inoculum in C. peltophoroides were identified, providing a foundation for monitoring its efficacy and persistence. Meta-genomic analysis highlighted functional specialization within the rhizospheric community, with fewer genomes assembled from metagenomes performing the same function efficiently. These findings contribute to the validation of the on-farm AMF inoculum, offering insights into how this bioinoculant promotes plant growth and generating data on its associated microbial diversity. Thus, this study supports the potential of on-farm AMF as a sustainable and effective bioinoculant. The data provide a scientific basis for its application in C. peltophoroides and its implementation in rehabilitation programs for impacted areas, while also paving the way for the development of microbial biomarker-based tracking methodologies. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; plant growth promotion; metataxonomy; metagenomics.
The application of bioinoculants is a promising strategy for the production of forest seedlings intended for use in degraded area rehabilitation programs. Among bioinoculants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculum produced via the on farm method stands out due to its low production cost, technical feasibility, and potential for local adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of on-farm AMF inoculum on the growth of Caesalpinia peltophoroides, the physicochemical properties of rhizospheric soil, and plant nutritional status; to elucidate the inoculum’s impact on the modulation of the rhizospheric microbial community; and to explore its functional potential. To achieve these goals, the research adopted a multifaceted and complementary approach, encompassing the evaluation of biometric and edaphic parameters of the plant–soil system, microbial diversity analysis through amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS), and functional potential assessment via shotgun metagenomics combined with microbial genome reconstruction. The results demonstrated significant benefits to C. peltophoroides growth, with increases of up to 299% in root dry mass (from 2.15 g in the control to 8.30 g in the inoculated treatment), 137% in shoot dry mass (from 2.68 g to 6.34 g), and 55% in total plant height (from 44.7 cm to 69.0 cm). Mycorrhizal colonization reached 60% in plants inoculated solely with on-farm AMF and 32% when combined with fertilization. Significant improvements were observed in soil properties, including increases in organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and available water. Metataxonomic analysis revealed the presence of microorganisms such as Pirellula, Nitrosomonadaceae, Coniochaeta, and Septoglomus in inoculated treatments, associated with nutrient cycling, organic matter and lignocellulose degradation, and arbuscular mycorrhiza formation. Biomarker genera for the on-farm AMF inoculum in C. peltophoroides were identified, providing a foundation for monitoring its efficacy and persistence. Meta-genomic analysis highlighted functional specialization within the rhizospheric community, with fewer genomes assembled from metagenomes performing the same function efficiently. These findings contribute to the validation of the on-farm AMF inoculum, offering insights into how this bioinoculant promotes plant growth and generating data on its associated microbial diversity. Thus, this study supports the potential of on-farm AMF as a sustainable and effective bioinoculant. The data provide a scientific basis for its application in C. peltophoroides and its implementation in rehabilitation programs for impacted areas, while also paving the way for the development of microbial biomarker-based tracking methodologies. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; plant growth promotion; metataxonomy; metagenomics.
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VIEIRA, Nicolly Alves. Inóculo FMA on farm: desvendando o potencial funcional e diversidade microbiana associados ao cultivo de Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth. 2025. 129 f. Tese ( Doutorado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
