Ganho médio diário diferencial na gestação de matrizes holandês × gir e seu impacto no desenvolvimento corporal e sexual da prole
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do ganho médio diário (GMD) de peso materno durante os dois últimos terços da gestação sobre o desenvolvimento somático, mamário e reprodutivo de novilhas leiteiras da raça Girolando. Dez novilhas 5/8 Holandês × Gir, prenhes de embriões 3/4 Holandês × Gir, foram mantidas sob condições experimentais controladas a partir do 70º dia de gestação até o parto, sendo distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos conforme o GMD: MOD (500 g/dia) e ALT (750 g/dia). Após o nascimento, as bezerras foram criadas e recriadas sob manejo padronizado, sendo monitoradas do ponto de vista zootécnico e reprodutivo até a puberdade. Durante o período pós-natal, foram mensurados parâmetros como desempenho corporal, biometria, desenvolvimento da glândula mamária por ultrassonografia, concentrações plasmáticas de IGF-1, número de folículos antrais, idade à puberdade, características do ciclo estral e expressão gênica em oócitos aspirados. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos quanto ao consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes, medidas biométricas, intensidade de pixels no parênquima mamário ou idade à puberdade (p>0,05). O crescimento somático e o desenvolvimento da glândula mamária ocorreram de forma progressiva e semelhante entre os grupos (p>0,05). Adicionalmente, o grupo ALT apresentou maior número de folículos antrais nos dois meses que antecederam a puberdade (27,10 ± 1,94 vs. 14,51 ± 2,47; p<0,05), o que sugere que o maior GMD materno pode influenciar positivamente aspectos quantitativos da dinâmica folicular. Contudo, não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos quanto à expressão gênica dos marcadores GDF9, BMP15, NPPC e SOD1 nos oócitos aspirados (p>0,05), nem em outras características reprodutivas avaliadas por ultrassonografia, como o diâmetro do corno uterino, folículo pré-ovulatório e duração do ciclo estral (p>0,05). Conclui-se que o ganho moderado garantiu crescimento somático e mamário adequado, enquanto o ganho elevado influenciou positivamente o número de folículos antrais, sem comprometer a competência ovocitária. Palavras-chave: nutrição materna; Girolando; desenvolvimento corporal; puberdade
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of maternal average daily gain (ADG) during the last two-thirds of gestation on the somatic, mammary, and reproductive development of Girolando dairy heifers. Ten 5/8 Holstein × Gir heifers, pregnant with 3/4 Holstein × Gir embryos, were maintained under controlled experimental conditions from day 70 of gestation until parturition and were randomly assigned to two groups according to ADG: MOD (500 g/day) and HIGH (750 g/day). After birth, the calves were raised and reared under standardized management and monitored for zootechnical and reproductive parameters until puberty. During the postnatal period, parameters such as body performance, biometric measurements, mammary gland development by ultrasonography, plasma IGF-1 concentrations, antral follicle count, age at puberty, estrous cycle characteristics, and gene expression in oocytes were measured. No differences between treatments were observed regarding nutrient intake and digestibility, biometric measurements, pixel intensity in the mammary parenchyma, or age at puberty (p>0.05). Somatic growth and mammary gland development occurred progressively and similarly between groups (p>0.05). Additionally, the HIGH group showed a greater number of antral follicles in the two months preceding puberty (27.10 ± 1.94 vs. 14.51 ± 2.47; p<0.05), suggesting that higher maternal ADG may positively influence quantitative aspects of follicular dynamics. However, no differences were observed between groups regarding the gene expression of markers GDF9, BMP15, NPPC, and SOD1 in aspirated oocytes (p>0.05), nor in other reproductive characteristics assessed by ultrasonography, such as uterine horn diameter, pre-ovulatory follicle, and estrous cycle duration (p>0.05). It is concluded that moderate gain ensured adequate somatic and mammary growth, while higher gain positively influenced the number of antral follicles without compromising oocyte competence. Keywords: maternal nutrition; Girolando; body development; puberty
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of maternal average daily gain (ADG) during the last two-thirds of gestation on the somatic, mammary, and reproductive development of Girolando dairy heifers. Ten 5/8 Holstein × Gir heifers, pregnant with 3/4 Holstein × Gir embryos, were maintained under controlled experimental conditions from day 70 of gestation until parturition and were randomly assigned to two groups according to ADG: MOD (500 g/day) and HIGH (750 g/day). After birth, the calves were raised and reared under standardized management and monitored for zootechnical and reproductive parameters until puberty. During the postnatal period, parameters such as body performance, biometric measurements, mammary gland development by ultrasonography, plasma IGF-1 concentrations, antral follicle count, age at puberty, estrous cycle characteristics, and gene expression in oocytes were measured. No differences between treatments were observed regarding nutrient intake and digestibility, biometric measurements, pixel intensity in the mammary parenchyma, or age at puberty (p>0.05). Somatic growth and mammary gland development occurred progressively and similarly between groups (p>0.05). Additionally, the HIGH group showed a greater number of antral follicles in the two months preceding puberty (27.10 ± 1.94 vs. 14.51 ± 2.47; p<0.05), suggesting that higher maternal ADG may positively influence quantitative aspects of follicular dynamics. However, no differences were observed between groups regarding the gene expression of markers GDF9, BMP15, NPPC, and SOD1 in aspirated oocytes (p>0.05), nor in other reproductive characteristics assessed by ultrasonography, such as uterine horn diameter, pre-ovulatory follicle, and estrous cycle duration (p>0.05). It is concluded that moderate gain ensured adequate somatic and mammary growth, while higher gain positively influenced the number of antral follicles without compromising oocyte competence. Keywords: maternal nutrition; Girolando; body development; puberty
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SANCHEZ DUEÑEZ, Wbeimar Yamit. Ganho médio diário diferencial na gestação de matrizes holandês × gir e seu impacto no desenvolvimento corporal e sexual da prole. 2025. 70 f. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina Veterinária) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
