Agroecossistemas e soberania alimentar na Vila Céu do Mapiá e entorno, Floresta Nacional do Purus
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2023-06-02
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A crescente transição global do consumo para alimentos industrializados tem desconectado os povos de seus ambientes e trazido consequências de ordem ecológica, econômica, social e cultural, com impactos negativos sobre a saúde pública. Com o avanço do modelo de desenvolvimento contemporâneo, as populações isoladas amazônicas vêm transformando a sua alimentação e os seus modos de vida. Esta realidade é vivida pelas comunidades locais na Floresta Nacional (FLONA) do Purus e tem se intensificado nos últimos dez anos com o aumento do consumo de alimentos industrializados, juntamente com a crescente importação das cidades de produtos agrícolas como arroz, feijão, legumes, farinha, que formam a base da alimentação regional, e tradicionalmente eram produzidos localmente. Frente a tal cenário, parte da comunidade local tem buscado há vários anos a reconstrução dos sistemas agroalimentares locais por meio da valorização da agricultura e do consumo de alimentos produzidos localmente, com o resgate de conhecimentos e práticas adaptadas ao ambiente amazônico. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho busca apoiar a construção da soberania alimentar na FLONA do Purus, por meio de um diagnóstico exploratória organizada em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo traça, por meio da sistematização das experiências, uma retrospectiva histórica das ações da agricultura no território estudado. Para a sistematização foram realizadas entrevistas com informantes-chave, pesquisa documental e revisão bibliográfica sobre a agricultura na FLONA do Purus. A sistematização permitiu identificar diferentes fases de ações e direcionamentos da agricultura local na construção de uma rede agroalimentar local, através da valorização de práticas de trabalho coletivo, a constituição de novos polos de produção de alimentos, a experimentação agroecológica e o apoio técnico e logístico para a comercialização de alimentos locais. No segundo capítulo, o objetivo foi a caracterização de agroecossistemas locais atuais, com uma análise da situação dos principais polos de produção de alimentos da FLONA do Purus, a vila Céu do Mapiá (Vila), a comunidade Fazenda São Sebastião e Igarapé Mapiá (Fazenda) e as praias do Purus (Praias). Para esta caracterização foram integradas metodologias como a observação participante, entrevistas-semiestruturadas, caminhadas transversais e a análise dos atributos sistêmicos dos agroecossistemas por meio do método de análise econômico-ecológica de agroecossistemas (Método Lume). Os principais sistemas de cultivo são os roçados de corte e queima, sistemas agroflorestais, os quintais produtivos e os plantios de agropraias. A autonomia é um atributo sistêmico de maior destaque em todos os polos produtivos, já que os agricultores possuem uma baixa dependência de insumos para realizar suas práticas agrícolas. Além disso os agroecossistemas possuem uma grande diversidade de espécies o que possibilita diversas colheitas e a evolução de roçados para sistemas agroflorestais. A capacidade de adaptação foi maior na Vila devido as transformações sociais e o fluxo de pessoas neste polo produtivo. Entre as principais fragilidades das comunidades observa-se o baixo protagonismo da juventude em Vila e Fazenda, enquanto que nas Praias, devido ao isolamento geográfico e à vulnerabilidade das famílias, o atributo com menores avaliação foi a integração social foram a desses sistemas. A caracterização dos agroecossistemas permitiu identificar a realidade socioambiental das famílias, indicando que as ações futuras de fomento à agricultura, como acesso às políticas públicas para acesso à financiamento e equipamentos, capacitações e acompanhamento de sistemas agroflorestais e dos cultivos das agropraias. As comunidades da FLONA do Purus representam exemplos valiosos de desenvolvimento rural sustentável na Amazônia, ressaltando a importância da construção de redes agroalimentares locais e da busca pela soberania alimentar. Palavras-chave: Agroecologia. Alimentos Locais. Amazônia. Sistemas Agroalimentares.
The growing global shift toward industrialized food consumption has led to the disconnection of communities from their environments, resulting in ecological, economic, social, and cultural repercussions, negatively impacting public health. Concurrently, as the contemporary development model advances, isolated Amazonian populations have been altering their dietary and lifestyle patterns. This phenomenon is particularly prominent within local communities in the Purus National Forest (FLONA of Purus), where it has escalated in the last decade with the increased consumption of industrialized foods and the rising importation of agricultural products such as rice, beans, vegetables, and flour from urban areas. These products constitute the core of the regional diet, traditionally produced locally. Faced with this scenario, a segment of the local community has been striving for several years to reconstruct local agrifood systems by emphasizing agriculture, promoting locally sourced food consumption, and reinstating knowledge and practices tailored to the Amazonian environment. In this context, this study aims to support the establishment of food sovereignty in the FLONA of Purus through an exploratory diagnosis organized into two chapters. The first chapter, based on the systematization of experiences, provides a historical retrospective of agricultural initiatives within the study area. Systematization was conducted through interviews with key informants, documentary research, and a bibliographic review of agriculture in the FLONA of Purus. This process identifies different phases of local agricultural activities contributing to the development of a local agri-food network. This entails the promotion of collective work practices, the establishment of new food production hubs, agroecological experimentation, and technical and logistical support for the local food market. In the second chapter, the focus shifts to characterizing present-day local agroecosystems, along with an analysis of the situation in the primary food production hubs within the FLONA of Purus: Céu do Mapiá village (Vila), Fazenda São Sebastião and Igarapé Mapiá communities (Fazenda), and Praias do Purus (Praias). Methodologies integrated for this characterization include participant observation, semi-structured interviews, cross-cutting field trips, and the analysis of systemic attributes of agroecosystems through the Economic-Ecological Analysis of Agroecosystems (Lume Method). The principal cultivation systems include slash-and-burn fields, agroforestry systems, productive gardens, and beachside plantations. Autonomy stands out as a prominent systemic attribute across all production hubs, as local farmers exhibit a low dependence on external inputs for their agricultural practices. Additionally, the agroecosystems feature a high diversity of species, allowing for various harvests and the progression from slash-and-burn fields to agroforestry systems. Adaptability is most pronounced in Vila due to social transformations and the influx of people in this production hub. Among the key weaknesses in these communities, there is limited youth involvement in Vila and Fazenda, while in Praias, geographical isolation and family vulnerability contribute to a lower assessment of social integration. The characterization of agroecosystems reveals the socio-environmental reality of these families, underscoring the importance of future agricultural promotion actions. These actions should encompass access to public policies for financing and equipment, training, and the support of agroforestry systems and beachside crop cultivation. The communities in the FLONA of Purus serve as valuable examples of sustainable rural development in the Amazon, emphasizing the significance of building local agrifood networks and striving for food sovereignty. Keywords: Agroecology, Local Food, Amazon, Agrifood Systems.
The growing global shift toward industrialized food consumption has led to the disconnection of communities from their environments, resulting in ecological, economic, social, and cultural repercussions, negatively impacting public health. Concurrently, as the contemporary development model advances, isolated Amazonian populations have been altering their dietary and lifestyle patterns. This phenomenon is particularly prominent within local communities in the Purus National Forest (FLONA of Purus), where it has escalated in the last decade with the increased consumption of industrialized foods and the rising importation of agricultural products such as rice, beans, vegetables, and flour from urban areas. These products constitute the core of the regional diet, traditionally produced locally. Faced with this scenario, a segment of the local community has been striving for several years to reconstruct local agrifood systems by emphasizing agriculture, promoting locally sourced food consumption, and reinstating knowledge and practices tailored to the Amazonian environment. In this context, this study aims to support the establishment of food sovereignty in the FLONA of Purus through an exploratory diagnosis organized into two chapters. The first chapter, based on the systematization of experiences, provides a historical retrospective of agricultural initiatives within the study area. Systematization was conducted through interviews with key informants, documentary research, and a bibliographic review of agriculture in the FLONA of Purus. This process identifies different phases of local agricultural activities contributing to the development of a local agri-food network. This entails the promotion of collective work practices, the establishment of new food production hubs, agroecological experimentation, and technical and logistical support for the local food market. In the second chapter, the focus shifts to characterizing present-day local agroecosystems, along with an analysis of the situation in the primary food production hubs within the FLONA of Purus: Céu do Mapiá village (Vila), Fazenda São Sebastião and Igarapé Mapiá communities (Fazenda), and Praias do Purus (Praias). Methodologies integrated for this characterization include participant observation, semi-structured interviews, cross-cutting field trips, and the analysis of systemic attributes of agroecosystems through the Economic-Ecological Analysis of Agroecosystems (Lume Method). The principal cultivation systems include slash-and-burn fields, agroforestry systems, productive gardens, and beachside plantations. Autonomy stands out as a prominent systemic attribute across all production hubs, as local farmers exhibit a low dependence on external inputs for their agricultural practices. Additionally, the agroecosystems feature a high diversity of species, allowing for various harvests and the progression from slash-and-burn fields to agroforestry systems. Adaptability is most pronounced in Vila due to social transformations and the influx of people in this production hub. Among the key weaknesses in these communities, there is limited youth involvement in Vila and Fazenda, while in Praias, geographical isolation and family vulnerability contribute to a lower assessment of social integration. The characterization of agroecosystems reveals the socio-environmental reality of these families, underscoring the importance of future agricultural promotion actions. These actions should encompass access to public policies for financing and equipment, training, and the support of agroforestry systems and beachside crop cultivation. The communities in the FLONA of Purus serve as valuable examples of sustainable rural development in the Amazon, emphasizing the significance of building local agrifood networks and striving for food sovereignty. Keywords: Agroecology, Local Food, Amazon, Agrifood Systems.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agroecologia - Vila Céu do Mapiá (AM), Alimentos - Vila Céu do Mapiá (AM), Amazônia, Sistemas agrícolas - Vila Céu do Mapiá (AM)
Citação
ARAUJO, Uriel Laurentiz de. Agroecossistemas e soberania alimentar na Vila Céu do Mapiá e entorno, Floresta Nacional do Purus. 2023. 169 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroecologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.