Anatomia e fisiologia de tangerineira e tangoreiro interenxertados com trifoliateiro ‘Flying Dragon’ sob condição de déficit hídrico
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A interenxertia é usada na citricultura para superar a incompatibilidade entre copa e porta-enxerto, além de reduzir o vigor das plantas, favorecendo o adensamento em pomares devido a redução no porte das mesmas. A escolha correta de copa, porta-enxerto e interenxerto, que combine características agronômicas desejadas, é crucial para essa técnica ser uma alternativa eficaz no cultivo de citros. O estudo avaliou aspectos fisiológicos e anatômicos em tangerineiras e tangoreiros enxertados sobre diferentes porta-enxertos sob déficit hídrico. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos: no Experimento 1, a tangerineira ‘Ponkan’ foi enxertada sobre os porta- enxertos ‘Cravo’ (PC), ‘Swingle’ (PS) e ‘Flying Dragon’ (PF), com interenxertia de ‘Flying Dragon’ sobre ‘Cravo’ (PFC) e sobre ‘Swingle’ (PFS). No Experimento 2, o tangoreiro ‘Murcott’ foi enxertado nas mesmas combinações, formando MC (‘Murcott’ sobre ‘Cravo’), MS (‘Murcott’ sobre ‘Swingle’), MF (‘Murcott’ sobre ‘Flying Dragon’), MFC (‘Murcott’ interenxertado em ‘Flying Dragon’ sobre ‘Cravo’) e MFS (‘Murcott’ interenxertado em ‘Flying Dragon’ sobre ‘Swingle’). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, sob delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. As variáveis analisadas incluíram potencial hídrico, trocas gasosas, área foliar, densidade e índice estomático, teor de umidade do solo, características do sistema radicular e diâmetro caulinar. Nos dois experimentos, a umidade do solo diminuiu com o tempo após a suspensão da irrigação, afetando as trocas gasosas e a fotossíntese. No Experimento 1, apenas o comprimento de raiz apresentou diferença significativa, sendo maior em PFC (26,28% superior a PF). O diâmetro caulinar do porta- enxerto foi semelhante entre os tratamentos, mas o diâmetro caulinar do interenxerto foi maior em PFC, e o da cultivar copa foi maior em PC. O teor de umidade do solo reduziu-se com o déficit hídrico, sendo o menor em PF e o maior em PS. O potencial hídrico foliar diminuiu com o déficit hídrico, sendo as maiores reduções em PC e PS. A condutância estomática (gs), transpiração (E) e fotossíntese líquida (A) foram negativamente afetadas pelo déficit hídrico, sem reestabelecimento após a irrigação. PFS apresentou os menores valores de gs, E e A. No Experimento 2, o diâmetro caulinar do porta-enxerto e do interenxerto foi maior em MFS, enquanto o diâmetro caulinar do enxerto foi superior em MC (34,16% maior que MF). O teor de umidade do solo reduziu-se progressivamente, com o menor valor aos 19 dias após o déficit hídrico (22,32%). Plantas MFS, MC e MS apresentaram o menor potencial hídrico na antemanhã e ao meio-dia. MF manteve maior potencial hídrico ao meio-dia (28,06% superior a MFS). MFC teve os maiores valores de gs e A, enquanto MFS teve os menores. O déficit hídrico reduziu significativamente E, sendo o menor valor em MFS, enquanto MFC apresentou E 31,68% superior a MFS. Ao comparar os dois experimentos, a interenxertia não influenciou os parâmetros foliares, mas o déficit hídrico afetou de forma significativa os parâmetros fisiológicos. Plantas com diferentes combinações de enxertia responderam de maneira distinta ao estresse hídrico, destacando a importância da escolha criteriosa de porta-enxertos e enxertos para maximizar a produção sob condições de déficit hídrico. Palavras-chave: Interenxertia; Poncirus trifoliata; Potencial hídrico; Trocas gasosas.
Intergrafting is used in citrus farming to overcome the incompatibility between scion and rootstock, in addition to reducing plant vigor, favoring density in orchards due to the reduction in plant size. The correct choice of scion, rootstock and intergraft , which combines desired agronomic characteristics, is crucial for this technique to be an effective alternative in citrus cultivation. The study evaluated physiological and anatomical aspects in mandarin and tangor trees grafted onto different rootstocks under water deficit. Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, the mandarin 'Ponkan' was grafted onto the rootstocks 'Cravo' (PC), 'Swingle' (PS) and ' Flying Dragon' (PF), with intergrafting of 'Flying Dragon' onto 'Cravo' (PFC) and onto 'Swingle' (PFS). In Experiment 2, the tangor tree 'Murcott' was grafted in the same combinations, forming MC ('Murcott' on 'Cravo'), MS ('Murcott' on 'Swingle'), MF ('Murcott' on 'Flying Dragon'), MFC ('Murcott' intergrafted on 'Flying Dragon' on 'Cravo') and MFS ('Murcott' intergrafted on 'Flying Dragon' on 'Swingle'). The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, under a randomized block design with three replications. The variables analyzed included water potential, gas exchange, leaf area, stomatal density and index, soil moisture content, root system characteristics and stem diameter. In both experiments, soil moisture decreased over time after irrigation was suspended, affecting gas exchange and photosynthesis. In Experiment 1, only root length showed a significant difference, being greater in PFC (26.28% greater than PF). The stem diameter of the rootstock was similar between treatments, but the stem diameter of the interstock was larger in PFC, and that of the scion cultivar was larger in PC. Soil moisture content decreased with water deficit, being the lowest in PF and the highest in PS. Leaf water potential decreased with water deficit, being the greatest reductions in PC and PS. Stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and net photosynthesis (A) were negatively affected by water deficit, with no reestablishment after irrigation. PFS presented the lowest values of gs , E and A . In Experiment 2, the stem diameter of the rootstock and interstock was greater in MFS, while the stem diameter of the graft was greater in MC (34.16% greater than MF). Soil moisture content decreased progressively, with the lowest value at 19 days after water deficit (22.32%). MFS, MC and MS plants presented the lowest water potential in the morning and at noon. MF maintained the highest water potential at noon (28.06% greater than MFS). MFC had the highest values of gs and A , while MFS had the lowest. Water deficit significantly reduced E , with the lowest value in MFS, while MFC presented E 31.68% greater than MFS. When comparing the two experiments, intergrafting did not influence leaf parameters, but water deficit significantly affected physiological parameters. Plants with different grafting combinations responded differently to water stress, highlighting the importance of careful selection of rootstocks and grafts to maximize production under water deficit conditions. Keywords: Intergrafting ; Poncirus trifoliata ; Water potential; Gas exchange.
Intergrafting is used in citrus farming to overcome the incompatibility between scion and rootstock, in addition to reducing plant vigor, favoring density in orchards due to the reduction in plant size. The correct choice of scion, rootstock and intergraft , which combines desired agronomic characteristics, is crucial for this technique to be an effective alternative in citrus cultivation. The study evaluated physiological and anatomical aspects in mandarin and tangor trees grafted onto different rootstocks under water deficit. Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, the mandarin 'Ponkan' was grafted onto the rootstocks 'Cravo' (PC), 'Swingle' (PS) and ' Flying Dragon' (PF), with intergrafting of 'Flying Dragon' onto 'Cravo' (PFC) and onto 'Swingle' (PFS). In Experiment 2, the tangor tree 'Murcott' was grafted in the same combinations, forming MC ('Murcott' on 'Cravo'), MS ('Murcott' on 'Swingle'), MF ('Murcott' on 'Flying Dragon'), MFC ('Murcott' intergrafted on 'Flying Dragon' on 'Cravo') and MFS ('Murcott' intergrafted on 'Flying Dragon' on 'Swingle'). The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, under a randomized block design with three replications. The variables analyzed included water potential, gas exchange, leaf area, stomatal density and index, soil moisture content, root system characteristics and stem diameter. In both experiments, soil moisture decreased over time after irrigation was suspended, affecting gas exchange and photosynthesis. In Experiment 1, only root length showed a significant difference, being greater in PFC (26.28% greater than PF). The stem diameter of the rootstock was similar between treatments, but the stem diameter of the interstock was larger in PFC, and that of the scion cultivar was larger in PC. Soil moisture content decreased with water deficit, being the lowest in PF and the highest in PS. Leaf water potential decreased with water deficit, being the greatest reductions in PC and PS. Stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and net photosynthesis (A) were negatively affected by water deficit, with no reestablishment after irrigation. PFS presented the lowest values of gs , E and A . In Experiment 2, the stem diameter of the rootstock and interstock was greater in MFS, while the stem diameter of the graft was greater in MC (34.16% greater than MF). Soil moisture content decreased progressively, with the lowest value at 19 days after water deficit (22.32%). MFS, MC and MS plants presented the lowest water potential in the morning and at noon. MF maintained the highest water potential at noon (28.06% greater than MFS). MFC had the highest values of gs and A , while MFS had the lowest. Water deficit significantly reduced E , with the lowest value in MFS, while MFC presented E 31.68% greater than MFS. When comparing the two experiments, intergrafting did not influence leaf parameters, but water deficit significantly affected physiological parameters. Plants with different grafting combinations responded differently to water stress, highlighting the importance of careful selection of rootstocks and grafts to maximize production under water deficit conditions. Keywords: Intergrafting ; Poncirus trifoliata ; Water potential; Gas exchange.
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REZENDE, Igor Franco. Anatomia e fisiologia de tangerineira e tangoreiro interenxertados com trifoliateiro ‘Flying Dragon’ sob condição de déficit hídrico. 2024. 85 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
