Ansiedade em mães de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno de defict de atenção e hiperatividade virgens de tratamento
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Ansiedade é um estado mental caracterizado por tensão, apreensão e preocupação diante da antecipação de eventos adversos. Ela pode estar relacionada a um contexto mais agudo, a ansiedade-estado, ou mais prolongado, ansiedade-traço. O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade-impulsividade (TDAH) é um transtorno de alterações na atenção, na psicomotricidade e no controle de impulsos, que cursa com prejuízos, inclusive na relação mãe-filho. O objetivo central do presente estudo é avaliar os níveis de ansiedade-estado e ansiedade-traço em mães de crianças e adolescentes com (TDAH) e investigar sua relação com a gravidade clínica do transtorno e com características sociodemográficas maternas. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal realizado em um ambulatório universitário de psiquiatria infantil de uma universidade do interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre 2020 e 2022. Foram avaliadas 75 mães e seus filhos com TDAH, com idades entre 5 e 14 anos. A ansiedade materna foi avaliada pelo Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE). As crianças e adolescentes foram avaliadas pela Entrevista Diagnóstica para Transtornos Afetivos e Esquizofrenia em Crianças e Adolescentes – Versão Atual e ao Longo da Vida; pela 4ª versão da escala de TDAH de Swanson, Nolan e Pelham (SNAP-IV), e pela escala de Impressão Clínica Global – Gravidade (ICG-G). O diagnóstico de TDAH e suas comorbidades foram estabelecidas por avaliação clínica especializada de acordo com os critérios do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais – 5ª edição (DSM-5). Utilizou-se o software Graph Prism para análises descritivas e inferenciais, incluindo teste qui-quadrado e correlação de Pearson. Entre as crianças e adolescentes, 44% foram classificadas como gravemente doentes pela ICG-G e 72% como graves pelo DSM-5, com 53,3% de apresentação de TDAH combinado. Os escores nas mães de ansiedade-estado foi de 45,20±12,21 e de ansiedade-traço foi de 45,77±12,70. Níveis médios e altos de ansiedade foram identificados em 84% das mães na dimensão ansiedade-traço e em 82,7% na ansiedade-estado. A ansiedade-traço materna foi maior em mães mais jovens (r=-0,2477; p<0,05), com menor classe social (r=0,2836; p<0,05) e menor grau de instrução (r=-0,2571; p<0,05). Esses achados sugerem que as mães de crianças e adolescentes com TDAH apresentem altos níveis de ansiedade, que podem ser influenciadas por condições sociais, principalmente no seu subtipo traço, mas não com a gravidade clínica do TDAH. Palavras-chave: Ansiedade; Mãe; TDAH; Criança; Adolescente
Anxiety is a mental state characterized by tension, apprehension, and worry in anticipation of adverse events. It may be related to a more acute context, state anxiety, or to a more prolonged condition, trait anxiety. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder involving alterations in attention, psychomotor activity, and impulse control, which leads to impairments, including in the mother–child relationship. The central objective of the present study is to assess levels of state anxiety and trait anxiety in mothers of children and adolescents with ADHD and to investigate their relationship with the clinical severity of the disorder and with maternal sociodemographic characteristics. This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in a university child psychiatry outpatient clinic of a university in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2020 and 2022. Seventy-five mothers and their children with ADHD, aged between 5 and 14 years, were evaluated. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The children were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime Version; the 4th version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham ADHD scale (SNAP-IV); and the Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale (CGI-S). The diagnosis of ADHD and its comorbidities was established by specialized clinical evaluation according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5th edition (DSM-5). Graph Prism software was used for descriptive and inferential analyses, including chi-square tests and Pearson correlation. Among the children , 44% were classified as severely ill by the CGI-S and 72% as severe according to the DSM-5, with 53.3% presenting the combined ADHD presentation. Mean maternal state anxiety scores were 45.20±12.21 and trait anxiety scores were 45.77±12.70. Moderate and high levels of anxiety were identified in 84% of mothers in the trait anxiety dimension and in 82.7% in state anxiety. Maternal trait anxiety was higher in younger mothers (r = 0.2477; p < 0.05), those with lower social class (r = 0.2836; p < 0.05), and lower educational level (r = 0.2571; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that mothers of children and adolescents with ADHD present high levels of anxiety, which may be influenced by social conditions, particularly in the trait subtype, but not by the clinical severity of ADHD . Keywords: Anxiety; Mother; ADHD; Child; Adolescent
Anxiety is a mental state characterized by tension, apprehension, and worry in anticipation of adverse events. It may be related to a more acute context, state anxiety, or to a more prolonged condition, trait anxiety. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder involving alterations in attention, psychomotor activity, and impulse control, which leads to impairments, including in the mother–child relationship. The central objective of the present study is to assess levels of state anxiety and trait anxiety in mothers of children and adolescents with ADHD and to investigate their relationship with the clinical severity of the disorder and with maternal sociodemographic characteristics. This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in a university child psychiatry outpatient clinic of a university in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2020 and 2022. Seventy-five mothers and their children with ADHD, aged between 5 and 14 years, were evaluated. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The children were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime Version; the 4th version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham ADHD scale (SNAP-IV); and the Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale (CGI-S). The diagnosis of ADHD and its comorbidities was established by specialized clinical evaluation according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5th edition (DSM-5). Graph Prism software was used for descriptive and inferential analyses, including chi-square tests and Pearson correlation. Among the children , 44% were classified as severely ill by the CGI-S and 72% as severe according to the DSM-5, with 53.3% presenting the combined ADHD presentation. Mean maternal state anxiety scores were 45.20±12.21 and trait anxiety scores were 45.77±12.70. Moderate and high levels of anxiety were identified in 84% of mothers in the trait anxiety dimension and in 82.7% in state anxiety. Maternal trait anxiety was higher in younger mothers (r = 0.2477; p < 0.05), those with lower social class (r = 0.2836; p < 0.05), and lower educational level (r = 0.2571; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that mothers of children and adolescents with ADHD present high levels of anxiety, which may be influenced by social conditions, particularly in the trait subtype, but not by the clinical severity of ADHD . Keywords: Anxiety; Mother; ADHD; Child; Adolescent
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OLIVEIRA, Gustavo Antonio de. Ansiedade em mães de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno de defict de atenção e hiperatividade virgens de tratamento. 2026. 101 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
