Índices de seleção e potencial de famílias de feijão vermelho para derivação de linhagens
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é a fonte de proteína vegetal de baixo custo mais importante da dieta de países em desenvolvimento. Os feijões do tipo carioca e preto são os mais cultivados em território nacional. Feijões com outras colorações de tegumento apresentam destaques regionais, como o feijão vermelho de grãos brilhantes que tem grande relevância econômica e cultural na Zona da Mata mineira. A Ouro Vermelho é a principal cultivar de grãos vermelhos, devido sua produtividade e excelente aspecto comercial de grãos. Esta cultivar trouxe ganhos significativos para região, com produção superior às cultivares Vermelho 2157 e Vermelhinho. A Ouro Vermelho apresenta porte prostrado, inviabilizando a colheita mecanizada. Existem linhagens elites no programa de melhoramento de feijoeiro da UFV que apresentam porte ereto, como a linhagem VR20, recentemente recomendada como Ouro da Mata. A Ouro da Mata apresenta arquitetura de planta ereta, porém deixa a desejar quanto ao aspecto de grão. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de famílias derivadas de três populações, visando a obtenção de linhagens de feijão vermelho que reúnam fenótipos favoráveis quanto à arquitetura de planta, aspecto comercial de grãos e produtividade. As famílias avaliadas foram derivadas de três populações tendo como genitores quatro linhagens de feijão vermelho do programa de melhoramento da UFV. Foram derivadas 132 famílias de cada população F 2 . As 396 famílias e os quatro genitores foram avaliados por duas gerações, utilizando o delineamento em látice simples na geração F 2:3 , com avaliação da produtividade, e em látice triplo, na F 2:4 , com avaliação da produtividade, aspecto comercial de grão e arquitetura de planta. Com base no comportamento das 396 famílias na geração F 2:4 , comparou-se os ganhos preditos pelas seguintes metodologias de seleção: seleção direta pela arquitetura de plantas; seleção direta pela produtividade; seleção direta pelo aspecto comercial de grão; índice clássico de Smith e Hazel; índice com base nos ganhos desejados de Pesek e Baker; índice-base de Williams; índice de soma de ranks de Mulamba e Mock; índice “livre de pesos” e “livre de parâmetros”; e índice genótipo-ideótipo. O índice genótipo-ideótipo mostrou- se mais eficiente entre as metodologias de seleção utilizadas. Foram selecionadas 96 famílias que juntamente com os quatro genitores foram avaliados na safra das “águas” de 2019 (geração F 2:5 ). Com base nas análises individuais das gerações F 2:4 e F 2:5 (96 famílias comuns aos dois experimentos) foram selecionadas 18 famílias com maior potencial para derivar linhagens. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris. Melhoramento. Feijoeiro. Grãos Especiais.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important low-cost vegetable protein source in the diet of developing countries. Carioca and black beans are the most cultivated in the country. Beans with other tegument colors have regional highlights, such as bright-grained red beans that have great economic and cultural relevance in the Zona da Mata in Minas Gerais. Ouro Vermelho is the main cultivar of red grains, due to its productivity and excellent commercial aspect of grains. This cultivar brought significant gains to the region, with higher production than the cultivars Vermelho 2157 and Vermelhinho. Ouro Vermelho has a prostrate size, making mechanized harvesting impossible. There are elite strains in the UFV bean breeding program that are upright, such as the VR20 strain, recently recommended as Ouro da Mata. Ouro da Mata has an erect plant architecture, but it lacks the grain aspect. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of families derived from three populations, aiming at obtaining strains of red beans that gather favorable phenotypes in terms of erect plant architecture, the commercial aspect of grains, and productivity. The evaluated families were derived from three populations with four red bean strains developed by the UFV breeding program as parents. 132 families were derived from each F 2 population. The 396 families and the four parents were evaluated for two generations, using the simple lattice design in the F 2:3 generations, with productivity evaluation, and in the triple lattice, in the F 2:4 , with productivity evaluation, the commercial aspect of grain and plant architecture. Based on the behavior of the 396 families in the F 2:4 generations, the gains predicted by the following selection methodologies were compared: direct selection by plant architecture; direct selection by productivity; direct selection by the commercial aspect of grain; classic Smith and Hazel index; index based on the desired earnings of Pesek and Baker; Williams base index; sum index of Mulamba and Mock ranks; “weight-free” and “parameter-free” index; and genotype-ideotype index. The genotype-ideotype index proved to be more efficient among the selection methodologies used. 96 families were selected, these and the 4 parents were evaluated in the harvest of the “waters” of 2019 (generation F2: 5). Based on the individual analyzes of generations F 2:4 and F 2:5 (96 families common to both experiments), 18 families with the greatest potential to derive strains were selected. Plant architecture, grain appearance, and productivity in kg/ha were used as selection parameters. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris. Bean. Breeding. Special Grains.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important low-cost vegetable protein source in the diet of developing countries. Carioca and black beans are the most cultivated in the country. Beans with other tegument colors have regional highlights, such as bright-grained red beans that have great economic and cultural relevance in the Zona da Mata in Minas Gerais. Ouro Vermelho is the main cultivar of red grains, due to its productivity and excellent commercial aspect of grains. This cultivar brought significant gains to the region, with higher production than the cultivars Vermelho 2157 and Vermelhinho. Ouro Vermelho has a prostrate size, making mechanized harvesting impossible. There are elite strains in the UFV bean breeding program that are upright, such as the VR20 strain, recently recommended as Ouro da Mata. Ouro da Mata has an erect plant architecture, but it lacks the grain aspect. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of families derived from three populations, aiming at obtaining strains of red beans that gather favorable phenotypes in terms of erect plant architecture, the commercial aspect of grains, and productivity. The evaluated families were derived from three populations with four red bean strains developed by the UFV breeding program as parents. 132 families were derived from each F 2 population. The 396 families and the four parents were evaluated for two generations, using the simple lattice design in the F 2:3 generations, with productivity evaluation, and in the triple lattice, in the F 2:4 , with productivity evaluation, the commercial aspect of grain and plant architecture. Based on the behavior of the 396 families in the F 2:4 generations, the gains predicted by the following selection methodologies were compared: direct selection by plant architecture; direct selection by productivity; direct selection by the commercial aspect of grain; classic Smith and Hazel index; index based on the desired earnings of Pesek and Baker; Williams base index; sum index of Mulamba and Mock ranks; “weight-free” and “parameter-free” index; and genotype-ideotype index. The genotype-ideotype index proved to be more efficient among the selection methodologies used. 96 families were selected, these and the 4 parents were evaluated in the harvest of the “waters” of 2019 (generation F2: 5). Based on the individual analyzes of generations F 2:4 and F 2:5 (96 families common to both experiments), 18 families with the greatest potential to derive strains were selected. Plant architecture, grain appearance, and productivity in kg/ha were used as selection parameters. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris. Bean. Breeding. Special Grains.
Description
Citation
BARROS, Lenin Pereira. Índices de seleção e potencial de famílias de feijão vermelho para derivação de linhagens. 2020. 54 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
