Formigas como ferramentas para avaliação da qualidade de florestas ripárias sujeitas a distúrbios antropogênicos
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2024-08-20
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
As intervenções humanas, como desastres ambientais e a conversão de florestas para usos antrópicos, têm contribuído significativamente para a degradação das paisagens naturais. As florestas ripárias, que são vegetações localizadas ao longo dos cursos de água, são particularmente vulneráveis aos impactos antropogênicos, que alteram suas condições biofísicas, funcionalidade ecológica e biodiversidade. A bacia hidrográfica do Rio Doce, no sudeste do Brasil, exemplifica os desafios enfrentados por esse ecossistema globalmente. Assim, compreender como as comunidades bióticas respondem às variações das características da paisagem é crucial para a conservação destes habitats. Neste cenário, as formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), notáveis como bioindicadores, são ferramentas eficazes para avaliar o impacto de perturbações, devido à sua sensibilidade às mudanças no ambiente e aos papéis ecológicos que desempenham. Nosso estudo avaliou a influência do tipo de uso e ocupação do solo no entorno das florestas ripárias na composição e diversidade das formigas, além de analisar a complexidade do habitat local. Os resultados indicam que cada floresta ripária estudada abriga um conjunto único de espécies de formigas, com a paisagem circundante atuando como um preditor significativo dessas diferenças. Notavelmente, áreas urbanas se caracterizaram pela predominância de espécies do grupo funcional oportunistas. Além disso, a complexidade do habitat, medida pela cobertura do dossel e circunferência do tronco das árvores, foi relativamente consistente entre as florestas, exceto naquelas inseridas em uma matriz urbana, que apresentaram menor complexidade estrutural A riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade das espécies de formigas não diferiram significativamente entre as florestas ripárias com diferentes UCS. Isso sugere que, apesar das diferenças nas paisagens circundantes, as matas ciliares do médio rio Doce mantêm níveis semelhantes de biodiversidade. Contudo, as florestas inseridas em contextos urbanos merecem atenção especial, devido ao predomínio de espécies oportunistas e à menor complexidade do habitat observado. Concluímos que a gestão das florestas ripárias deve focar não apenas na largura mínima exigida pela legislação, mas também na manutenção e melhoria da estrutura local do habitat, visando a conservação da biodiversidade e a funcionalidade ecológica dessas áreas. Palavras-chave: perturbações antrópicas; qualidade ambiental; mata ciliares; filtro ambiental; ecótonos.
Human interventions, such as environmental disasters and the conversion of forests for anthropogenic uses, have significantly contributed to the degradation of natural landscapes. Riparian forests, which are vegetations located along watercourses, are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts that alter their biophysical conditions, affecting biodiversity and ecological functionality. The river Doce watershed in southeastern Brazil exemplifies the challenges faced by this ecosystem globally. Thus, understanding how biotic communities respond to variations in landscape characteristics is crucial for the conservation of these habitats. In this context, ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), notable as bioindicators, are effective tools for assessing the impact of disturbances due to their sensitivity to environmental changes and the ecological roles they play. Our study evaluated the influence of land use and cover (LUC) surrounding riparian forests on the composition and diversity of ants, as well as the complexity of the local habitat. The results indicate that each riparian forest studied harbors a unique set of ant species, with the surrounding landscape acting as a significant predictor of these differences. Notably, urban areas were characterized by the predominance of opportunistic species. Furthermore, habitat complexity, measured by canopy cover and tree trunk diameter, was relatively consistent among forests, except for those located in an urban matrix, which showed lower structural complexity. The richness, diversity, and evenness of ant species did not differ significantly among riparian forests with different LUCs. This suggests that despite the differences in surrounding landscapes, the riparian forests of the middle river Doce maintain similar levels of biodiversity. However, forests located in urban contexts require special attention due to the current predominance of opportunistic species and reduced habitat complexity. We conclude that the management of riparian forests should focus not only on the minimum width required by legislation but also on maintaining and improving the local habitat structure to ensure the conservation of biodiversity and the ecological functionality of these areas. Keywords: anthropogenic disturbances; environmental quality; riparian forests, environmental filter, ecotones.
Human interventions, such as environmental disasters and the conversion of forests for anthropogenic uses, have significantly contributed to the degradation of natural landscapes. Riparian forests, which are vegetations located along watercourses, are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts that alter their biophysical conditions, affecting biodiversity and ecological functionality. The river Doce watershed in southeastern Brazil exemplifies the challenges faced by this ecosystem globally. Thus, understanding how biotic communities respond to variations in landscape characteristics is crucial for the conservation of these habitats. In this context, ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), notable as bioindicators, are effective tools for assessing the impact of disturbances due to their sensitivity to environmental changes and the ecological roles they play. Our study evaluated the influence of land use and cover (LUC) surrounding riparian forests on the composition and diversity of ants, as well as the complexity of the local habitat. The results indicate that each riparian forest studied harbors a unique set of ant species, with the surrounding landscape acting as a significant predictor of these differences. Notably, urban areas were characterized by the predominance of opportunistic species. Furthermore, habitat complexity, measured by canopy cover and tree trunk diameter, was relatively consistent among forests, except for those located in an urban matrix, which showed lower structural complexity. The richness, diversity, and evenness of ant species did not differ significantly among riparian forests with different LUCs. This suggests that despite the differences in surrounding landscapes, the riparian forests of the middle river Doce maintain similar levels of biodiversity. However, forests located in urban contexts require special attention due to the current predominance of opportunistic species and reduced habitat complexity. We conclude that the management of riparian forests should focus not only on the minimum width required by legislation but also on maintaining and improving the local habitat structure to ensure the conservation of biodiversity and the ecological functionality of these areas. Keywords: anthropogenic disturbances; environmental quality; riparian forests, environmental filter, ecotones.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Formigas - Natureza - Influência do homem, Qualidade ambiental, Indicadores biológicos
Citação
LOPES, Isabella. Formigas como ferramentas para avaliação da qualidade de florestas ripárias sujeitas a distúrbios antropogênicos. 2024. 64 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.