Fatores sociodemográficos e acadêmicos relacionados à saúde mental dos estudantes universitários
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A saúde mental de universitários tem sido tema de estudos e motivado novos serviços. A Política Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (Lei 14.914/2024) enfatiza a importância da saúde mental como serviço de base comunitária, valorizando a família e uma cultura inclusiva para permanência dos estudantes nas universidades, ainda negligenciado por alguns serviços. Este estudo, de recorte descritivo analítico transversal, investigou fatores relacionados à saúde mental e permanência na universidade de estudantes atendidos em um serviço de saúde mental da Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV. Adotada como cenário, a UFV é referência na oferta de assistência estudantil nas modalidades de alimentação, moradia e saúde, contando na saúde mental com profissionais de Psiquiatria, Psicologia e Serviço Social, cujos usuários compuseram a população da pesquisa. Foram extraídos dados secundários de arquivos assistenciais e sistemas de gestão da UFV, que constavam diagnósticos, informações acadêmicas e demográficos dos estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação atendidos no serviço, e em seguida foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e análise multivariada para correlacionar dados. Os resultados mostraram alta frequência de diagnósticos e impressões diagnósticas relacionados à transtornos de ansiedade (48,18%), com maior prevalência no sexo feminino (70,48%), sem associação estatística com variáveis acadêmicas e sociofamiliares. Para usuários com sintomas emocionais, depressivos e de humor (12,62%), identificou-se fator de proteção no sexo masculino (OR: 0,45; IC: 0,24-0,79). A probabilidade de problemas de permanência nos cursos foi maior entre os usuários com esses sintomas (OR: 2,28; IC: 1,27-3,98), com reprovações em disciplinas (OR: 3,71; IC: 1,31-11,47), que residiam com os pais (OR: 3,99; IC: 1,5-10,63) ou cônjuge/filhos (OR: 3,0; IC: 1,13 - 7,87) e que possuíam alta ou média vulnerabilidade social (OR:1,91; IC: 1,01-3,59 e OR: 3,29; IC: 1,57 - 6,90). Conclui- se que, entre os usuários da unidade de saúde mental, a permanência desses em seus cursos está mais relacionada a fatores acadêmicos e sociofamiliares do que a diagnósticos de saúde mental, o que sugere enfoque integral e comunitário às políticas de assistência estudantil. Palavras-chave: saúde mental; estudantes universitários; fatores sociais
Mental health among university students has been the subject of increasing research and has driven the creation of new support services. The National Student Assistance Policy (Brazilian Federal Law 14.914/2024) highlights the importance of mental health as a community-based service, emphasizing family support and an inclusive culture to promote student retention in higher education - an aspect that remains overlooked by some services. This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study investigated factors associated with mental health and student retention among individuals assisted by a mental health service at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). UFV, chosen as the study setting, is recognized for offering student assistance programs in the areas of food, housing, and health. In mental health care, it provides services through a multidisciplinary team including psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers, whose users comprised the study population. Secondary data were collected from medical records and UFV’s management systems, including diagnoses as well as academic and demographic information on undergraduate and graduate students. Chi-square tests and multivariate analyses were used to explore associations. The results showed a high frequency of anxiety- related diagnoses and diagnostic impressions (48.18%), with a higher prevalence among female students (70.48%), although no statistical association was found with academic or socio-family variables. Among students presenting emotional, depressive, and mood symptoms (12.62%), being male was identified as a protective factor (OR: 0.45; CI: 0.24–0.79). Students with these symptoms were more likely to face retention challenges (OR: 2.28; CI: 1.27–3.98), course failures (OR: 3.71; CI: 1.31–11.47), and lived with parents (OR: 3.99; CI: 1.5–10.63) or spouse/children (OR: 3.0; CI: 1.13–7.87). High and medium levels of social vulnerability were also associated with greater retention risk (OR: 1.91; CI: 1.01–3.59 and OR: 3.29; CI: 1.57–6.90, respectively). The study concludes that, among users of the university’s mental health service, academic retention is more strongly related to academic and socio-family factors than to psychiatric diagnoses, suggesting the need for student assistance policies that adopt a more comprehensive and community-centered approach.Keywords: mental health; university students; social factors
Mental health among university students has been the subject of increasing research and has driven the creation of new support services. The National Student Assistance Policy (Brazilian Federal Law 14.914/2024) highlights the importance of mental health as a community-based service, emphasizing family support and an inclusive culture to promote student retention in higher education - an aspect that remains overlooked by some services. This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study investigated factors associated with mental health and student retention among individuals assisted by a mental health service at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). UFV, chosen as the study setting, is recognized for offering student assistance programs in the areas of food, housing, and health. In mental health care, it provides services through a multidisciplinary team including psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers, whose users comprised the study population. Secondary data were collected from medical records and UFV’s management systems, including diagnoses as well as academic and demographic information on undergraduate and graduate students. Chi-square tests and multivariate analyses were used to explore associations. The results showed a high frequency of anxiety- related diagnoses and diagnostic impressions (48.18%), with a higher prevalence among female students (70.48%), although no statistical association was found with academic or socio-family variables. Among students presenting emotional, depressive, and mood symptoms (12.62%), being male was identified as a protective factor (OR: 0.45; CI: 0.24–0.79). Students with these symptoms were more likely to face retention challenges (OR: 2.28; CI: 1.27–3.98), course failures (OR: 3.71; CI: 1.31–11.47), and lived with parents (OR: 3.99; CI: 1.5–10.63) or spouse/children (OR: 3.0; CI: 1.13–7.87). High and medium levels of social vulnerability were also associated with greater retention risk (OR: 1.91; CI: 1.01–3.59 and OR: 3.29; CI: 1.57–6.90, respectively). The study concludes that, among users of the university’s mental health service, academic retention is more strongly related to academic and socio-family factors than to psychiatric diagnoses, suggesting the need for student assistance policies that adopt a more comprehensive and community-centered approach.Keywords: mental health; university students; social factors
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DIAS, Wilde Arthur Cardoso. Fatores sociodemográficos e acadêmicos relacionados à saúde mental dos estudantes universitários. 2025. 91 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.