Influência da adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada no cultivo de feijão bambara (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) em latossolo vermelho-amarelo distrófico
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As mudanças climáticas são evidentes e seus impactos podem ser percebidos na atualidade. O cultivo de espécies agrícolas alternativas que apresentam maior resiliência e adaptação frente às mudanças do clima e que atendam aos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) deve ser incentivado. Nesse contexto, espécies cuja parte de interesse comercial se desenvolvem abaixo da superfície do solo são estratégicas, visto que possuem maior tolerância às variações de temperatura na superfície, reduzindo assim os impactos na produtividade. O feijão bambara (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) é uma planta nativa do continente africano, possui alta resiliência, baixa necessidade hídrica e nutricional. Suas vagens se desenvolvem abaixo da superfície do solo, permitindo reduzir os impactos diretos em sua porção comercial. Rico em aminoácidos essenciais, proteínas, carboidratos e lipídeos, o feijão bambara é uma alternativa passível de incorporação no cenário agrícola, principalmente em regiões semiáridas e para a cultura de subsistência. Além disso, o feijão bambara pertence à família Fabaceae, caracterizada por realizar a fixação biológica de nitrogênio à partir da associação com bactérias do gênero Bradyrizhobium sp. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os componentes de produção e os componentes fisiológicos acerca da adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada em latossolo vermelho-amarelo distrófico. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4x4 com quatro repetições, sendo quatro doses de nitrogênio (N) (0, 10, 30 e 60 kg.ha-1 de N) e quatro doses de fósforo (P) (0, 50, 100 e 200 kg.ha-1 de P), obtendo uma combinação N0P0 até N60P200, tendo como controle a dose sem fertilizante para ambas as fontes de nutrientes. Para o parâmetro fisiológico índice SPAD (SPAD) foi feita a leitura utilizando o medidor de parâmetros fisiológicos MultispeQ V 2.0 PhotosynQ®. Para os componentes de produção foram analisados a produtividade (PROD), comprimento (COMPF) e largura (LARGF) de folíolos, altura de plantas (ALTPL), número de folhas (NGAL), acúmulo de N e P na parte aérea (CTNPA, CTPPA), nas raízes (CTNRA, CTPRA) e nos grãos (CTNSEM, CTPSEM), massa de 100 sementes (P100S), número de sementes por planta (NSEM) e número de sementes por quilo (NSKG). Os dados foram submetidos ao software SAEG – Sistema para Análises Estatísticas v9.1 e as equações ajustadas pelo modelo foram definidas por meio da Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta, sendo os modelos escolhidos com base na significância dos coeficientes de regressão e submetidos ao teste “t” ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. As análises demonstraram que NSEM, COMPF, LARGF, NGAL, CTPPA, CTPSEM e CTNSEM foram influenciadas apenas pelas doses de P, obtendo valores máximos de 42,5 sementes para NSEM, 7,0 cm para COMPF, 3,1 cm para LARGF, 32,6 galhos para NGAL, 10,88 mg.planta-1 para CTPPA, 93,23 mg.planta-1 para CTPSEM e 639,76 mg.planta-1 para CTNSEM. As variáveis MSPA, MSRA, P100S, NSKG, PROD, SPAD, CTPRA e CTNPA tiveram influência tanto das doses de N quanto das doses de P, sendo observados valores máximos de 11,47 g para MSPA, 4,06 g para MSRA, 58,1 g para P100S, 2482 sementes para NSKG, 1745 kg.ha-1 para PROD, 62,81 para SPAD, 5,43 mg.planta- 1 para CTPRA e de 150,48 mg.planta-1 para CTNPA. Para as variáveis CTNRA e ALTPL não foram influenciadas por nenhuma das combinações testadas, tendo seus valores não diferidos da média de 49,62 mg.planta-1 para CTNRA e 20,82 cm para ALTPL. A combinação mais adequada para se obter um máximo rendimento na produtividade estimada pelo modelo foi de N = 60 mg.dm-3 e P = 158,62 mg.dm-3 para um solo sem prévia adubação. Palavras-chave: culturas subutilizadas; Fabaceae; fertilizantes; mudanças climáticas; PANCs
Climate change is a current and evident phenomenon, with noticeable impacts on agricultural systems. The cultivation of alternative crop species that demonstrate higher resilience and adaptability to climate variability, while contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), should be promoted. In this context, species whose commercialized organs develop below the soil surface are considered strategic due to their increased tolerance to surface temperature variations, thereby reducing productivity losses. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a legume native to the African continent, known for its high resilience, low water and nutrient requirements, and the development of pods beneath the soil surface, which protects the commercial part of the plant. Rich in essential amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, Bambara groundnut is a viable alternative for incorporation into the agricultural sector, especially in semi-arid regions and for subsistence farming. Additionally, as a member of the Fabaceae family, bambara groundnut is capable of biological nitrogen fixation through symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium sp. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and physiological components in response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in a dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 4x4 factorial scheme with four replications, consisting of four nitrogen rates (0, 10, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 of N) and four phosphorus rates (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha-1 of P), resulting in treatments from N0P0 to N60P200. The control treatment received no fertilization for either nutrient source. For the physiological analysis of the SPAD index (SPAD), readings were taken using the MultispeQ V 2.0 PhotosynQ® physiological parameter meter. Production parameters included grain yield (PROD), leaflet length (COMPF) and width (LARGF), plant height (ALTPL), number of leaves (NGAL), nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in the shoot (CTNPA, CTPPA), roots (CTNRA, CTPRA), and seeds (CTNSEM, CTPSEM), 100-seed weight (P100S), number of seeds per plant (NSEM), and number of seeds per kilogram (NSKG). The data were analyzed using the SAEG – Statistical Analysis System v9.1 software, and the equations estimated by the model were defined using the Response Surface Methodology, with models chosen based on the significance of the regression coefficients and subjected to the "t" test at a 5% probability level. The analyses demonstrated that NSEM, COMPF, LARGF, NGAL, CTPPA, CTPSEM, and CTNSEM were influenced solely by P doses, reaching maximum values of 42.5 seeds for NSEM, 7.0 cm for COMPF, 3.1 cm for LARGF, 32.6 branches for NGAL, 10.88 mg.plant-1 for CTPPA, 93.23 mg.plant-1 for CTPSEM, and 639.76 mg.plant-1 for CTNSEM. MSPA, MSRA, P100S, NSKG, PROD, SPAD, CTPRA, and CTNPA were influenced by both N and P doses, with maximum observed values of 11.47 g for MSPA, 4.06 g for MSRA, 58.1 g for P100S, 2,482 seeds for NSKG, 1,745 kg.ha-1 for PROD, 62.81 for SPAD, 5.43 mg.plant-1 for CTPRA, and 150.48 mg.plant-1 for CTNPA. The variables CTNRA and ALTPL were not influenced by any of the tested combinations, with values not differing from the mean of 49.62 mg.plant-1 for CTNRA and 20.82 cm for ALTPL. The most suitable combination to achieve maximum yield, as estimated by the model, was N = 60 mg.dm-3 and P = 158.62 mg.dm-3 for a soil without prior fertilization. Keywords: underutilized crops; Fabaceae; certilizers; climate change; PANCs
Climate change is a current and evident phenomenon, with noticeable impacts on agricultural systems. The cultivation of alternative crop species that demonstrate higher resilience and adaptability to climate variability, while contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), should be promoted. In this context, species whose commercialized organs develop below the soil surface are considered strategic due to their increased tolerance to surface temperature variations, thereby reducing productivity losses. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a legume native to the African continent, known for its high resilience, low water and nutrient requirements, and the development of pods beneath the soil surface, which protects the commercial part of the plant. Rich in essential amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, Bambara groundnut is a viable alternative for incorporation into the agricultural sector, especially in semi-arid regions and for subsistence farming. Additionally, as a member of the Fabaceae family, bambara groundnut is capable of biological nitrogen fixation through symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium sp. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and physiological components in response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in a dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 4x4 factorial scheme with four replications, consisting of four nitrogen rates (0, 10, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 of N) and four phosphorus rates (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha-1 of P), resulting in treatments from N0P0 to N60P200. The control treatment received no fertilization for either nutrient source. For the physiological analysis of the SPAD index (SPAD), readings were taken using the MultispeQ V 2.0 PhotosynQ® physiological parameter meter. Production parameters included grain yield (PROD), leaflet length (COMPF) and width (LARGF), plant height (ALTPL), number of leaves (NGAL), nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in the shoot (CTNPA, CTPPA), roots (CTNRA, CTPRA), and seeds (CTNSEM, CTPSEM), 100-seed weight (P100S), number of seeds per plant (NSEM), and number of seeds per kilogram (NSKG). The data were analyzed using the SAEG – Statistical Analysis System v9.1 software, and the equations estimated by the model were defined using the Response Surface Methodology, with models chosen based on the significance of the regression coefficients and subjected to the "t" test at a 5% probability level. The analyses demonstrated that NSEM, COMPF, LARGF, NGAL, CTPPA, CTPSEM, and CTNSEM were influenced solely by P doses, reaching maximum values of 42.5 seeds for NSEM, 7.0 cm for COMPF, 3.1 cm for LARGF, 32.6 branches for NGAL, 10.88 mg.plant-1 for CTPPA, 93.23 mg.plant-1 for CTPSEM, and 639.76 mg.plant-1 for CTNSEM. MSPA, MSRA, P100S, NSKG, PROD, SPAD, CTPRA, and CTNPA were influenced by both N and P doses, with maximum observed values of 11.47 g for MSPA, 4.06 g for MSRA, 58.1 g for P100S, 2,482 seeds for NSKG, 1,745 kg.ha-1 for PROD, 62.81 for SPAD, 5.43 mg.plant-1 for CTPRA, and 150.48 mg.plant-1 for CTNPA. The variables CTNRA and ALTPL were not influenced by any of the tested combinations, with values not differing from the mean of 49.62 mg.plant-1 for CTNRA and 20.82 cm for ALTPL. The most suitable combination to achieve maximum yield, as estimated by the model, was N = 60 mg.dm-3 and P = 158.62 mg.dm-3 for a soil without prior fertilization. Keywords: underutilized crops; Fabaceae; certilizers; climate change; PANCs
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PAULA, Filipe Cassimiro Magalhães de. Influência da adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada no cultivo de feijão bambara (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) em latossolo vermelho-amarelo distrófico. 2025. 53 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
