De efluentes agrícolas a potencial biotecnológico: pGLS, um bacteriófago temperado inovador e resistente com atividade sinérgica e amplas propriedades antibiofilme contra Staphylococcus e Mammaliicoccus
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A resistência antimicrobiana constitui um dos maiores desafios contemporâneos à saúde pública global, sendo impulsionada pela disseminação de bactérias multirresistentes em ambientes clínicos, agropecuários e naturais. Nesse contexto, Mammaliicoccus sciuri destaca-se como um patógeno oportunista emergente e como importante reservatório de genes de resistência, especialmente aqueles associados à resistência à meticilina, como mecA e mecC. Diante da redução progressiva da eficácia dos antibióticos convencionais, a fagoterapia tem sido resgatada como uma estratégia alternativa promissora para o controle de bactérias resistentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar e caracterizar um bacteriófago oriundo de efluentes de fazenda leiteira capaz de infectar uma cepa multirresistente de Mammaliicoccus sciuri, bem como avaliar seu potencial biotecnológico. O bacteriófago pGLS foi isolado utilizando a cepa M. sciuri GLS3 como hospedeira, apresentando elevada especificidade, eficiência de adsorção e pronunciada estabilidade sob condições ambientais extremas, incluindo ampla faixa de pH, variações de temperatura e exposição à radiação ultravioleta. Apesar de seu espectro lítico restrito, o pGLS demonstrou elevada atividade antibiofilme, sendo capaz de interferir tanto na formação quanto na remoção de biofilmes formados por diferentes espécies da família Staphylococcaceae, incluindo cepas multirresistentes. Adicionalmente, a combinação do pGLS com o antibiótico eritromicina resultou em efeito sinérgico, promovendo redução significativa das concentrações inibitórias mínimas de ambos os agentes e potencializando a inibição da formação de biofilme, o que reforça sua aplicabilidade como terapia adjuvante. A análise genômica revelou que o pGLS é um bacteriófago temperado inédito, com genoma de 41.499 pares de bases, codificando 67 quadros de leitura aberta, dos quais aproximadamente 52% apresentaram função anotada. Não foram identificados genes associados à virulência bacteriana ou à resistência antimicrobiana, reforçando a segurança do pGLS para aplicações futuras. Análises filogenômicas indicaram que o pGLS pertence à classe Caudoviricetes, porém sem classificação definida em níveis taxonômicos inferiores, evidenciando a sub-representação de fagos relacionados em bancos de dados públicos. Em conjunto, os resultados demonstram que o bacteriófago pGLS apresenta elevado potencial biotecnológico, destacando-se por sua atividade antibiofilme, estabilidade ambiental e efeito sinérgico com antibióticos. Este trabalho amplia o conhecimento sobre bacteriófagos associados a Mammaliicoccus sciuri e reforça a relevância da prospecção de fagos ambientais como abordagem inovadora e sustentável para o enfrentamento da resistência antimicrobiana, especialmente em interfaces críticas entre saúde humana, animal e ambiental. Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus; Mammaliicoccus; resistência antimicrobiana; fagoterapia; mecA; genômica
Antimicrobial resistance constitutes one of the most critical contemporary challenges to global public health, driven by the widespread dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinical, agricultural, and natural environments. In this context, Mammaliicoccus sciuri stands out as an emerging opportunistic pathogen and an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes, particularly those associated with methicillin resistance, such as mecA and mecC. Given the progressive decline in the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, phage therapy has re-emerged as a promising alternative strategy for controlling resistant bacterial pathogens. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a bacteriophage from dairy farm effluents capable of infecting a multidrug-resistant strain of Mammaliicoccus sciuri, as well as to evaluate its biotechnological potential. The bacteriophage pGLS was isolated using the M. sciuri GLS3 strain as the host and exhibited high specificity, efficient adsorption, and remarkable stability under extreme environmental conditions, including a wide range of pH values, temperature variations, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Despite its narrow lytic spectrum, pGLS demonstrated pronounced antibiofilm activity, effectively interfering with both the formation and removal of biofilms produced by different species of the family Staphylococcaceae, including multidrug-resistant strains. In addition, the combination of pGLS with the antibiotic erythromycin resulted in a synergistic effect, significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both agents and enhancing the inhibition of biofilm formation, reinforcing its applicability as an adjunct therapeutic strategy. Genomic analysis revealed that pGLS is a novel temperate bacteriophage with a genome size of 41,499 base pairs, encoding 67 open reading frames, approximately 52% of which were functionally annotated. No genes associated with bacterial virulence or antimicrobial resistance were identified, supporting the safety of pGLS for future applications. Phylogenomic analyses indicated that pGLS belongs to the class Caudoviricetes; however, no classification at lower taxonomic levels was possible, highlighting the underrepresentation of related bacteriophages in public databases. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the bacteriophage pGLS exhibits strong biotechnological potential, particularly due to its antibiofilm activity, environmental stability, and synergistic interaction with antibiotics. This work expands current knowledge on bacteriophages associated with Mammaliicoccus sciuri and reinforces the relevance of environmental phages prospecting as an innovative and sustainable approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance, especially at critical interfaces between human, animal, and environmental health. Keywords: Staphylococcaceae; Mammaliicoccus; antimicrobial resistance; phage therapy; mecA; genomics
Antimicrobial resistance constitutes one of the most critical contemporary challenges to global public health, driven by the widespread dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinical, agricultural, and natural environments. In this context, Mammaliicoccus sciuri stands out as an emerging opportunistic pathogen and an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes, particularly those associated with methicillin resistance, such as mecA and mecC. Given the progressive decline in the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, phage therapy has re-emerged as a promising alternative strategy for controlling resistant bacterial pathogens. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a bacteriophage from dairy farm effluents capable of infecting a multidrug-resistant strain of Mammaliicoccus sciuri, as well as to evaluate its biotechnological potential. The bacteriophage pGLS was isolated using the M. sciuri GLS3 strain as the host and exhibited high specificity, efficient adsorption, and remarkable stability under extreme environmental conditions, including a wide range of pH values, temperature variations, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Despite its narrow lytic spectrum, pGLS demonstrated pronounced antibiofilm activity, effectively interfering with both the formation and removal of biofilms produced by different species of the family Staphylococcaceae, including multidrug-resistant strains. In addition, the combination of pGLS with the antibiotic erythromycin resulted in a synergistic effect, significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both agents and enhancing the inhibition of biofilm formation, reinforcing its applicability as an adjunct therapeutic strategy. Genomic analysis revealed that pGLS is a novel temperate bacteriophage with a genome size of 41,499 base pairs, encoding 67 open reading frames, approximately 52% of which were functionally annotated. No genes associated with bacterial virulence or antimicrobial resistance were identified, supporting the safety of pGLS for future applications. Phylogenomic analyses indicated that pGLS belongs to the class Caudoviricetes; however, no classification at lower taxonomic levels was possible, highlighting the underrepresentation of related bacteriophages in public databases. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the bacteriophage pGLS exhibits strong biotechnological potential, particularly due to its antibiofilm activity, environmental stability, and synergistic interaction with antibiotics. This work expands current knowledge on bacteriophages associated with Mammaliicoccus sciuri and reinforces the relevance of environmental phages prospecting as an innovative and sustainable approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance, especially at critical interfaces between human, animal, and environmental health. Keywords: Staphylococcaceae; Mammaliicoccus; antimicrobial resistance; phage therapy; mecA; genomics
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VIANA, Vitor Emanuel Lanes. De efluentes agrícolas a potencial biotecnológico: pGLS, um bacteriófago temperado inovador e resistente com atividade sinérgica e amplas propriedades antibiofilme contra Staphylococcus e Mammaliicoccus. 2026. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica e Biotecnologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
