As metodologias ativas na perspectiva dos professores formadores e tecnologias digitais: diálogos possíveis?
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Esta pesquisa tinha como objetivo investigar como os docentes do Departamento de Educação (DPE) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), que atuam em diferentes licenciaturas, compreendem e experienciam as metodologias ativas e as tecnologias digitais na formação de professores. A proposta da pesquisa surgiu a partir da constatação, por meio da literatura, de que essa abordagem possui um conceito polissêmico, podendo ser definida como estratégias, técnicas, tendência ou concepção pedagógica, todas voltadas para a prática de ensino e aprendizagem. Além disso, como membro do grupo de pesquisa denominado Grupo de Atenção às Tecnologias na Educação (GATE/UFV) e partindo da hipótese de que as tecnologias digitais podem potencializar as metodologias ativas, também busquei investigar a possível relação entre as metodologias ativas e as tecnologias digitais na prática desses professores formadores. Sendo assim, a tecnologia também se tornou uma temática importante dentro do contexto dessa pesquisa. O referencial teórico partiu dos princípios de educar para a autonomia de Freire (1967; 1979; 1996) e Dewey (1959) para trazer à tona o objeto de pesquisa - as metodologias ativas - dialogando com autores referências na área, como Berbel (2011; 2012) e Mitre (2008), e para fundamentar a discussão no âmbito das tecnologias utilizamos, Vieira-Pinto (2005) e Lévy (2010a, 2010b). A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na pesquisa de tipo qualitativa, já que buscamos tratar das opiniões subjetivas dos sujeitos pesquisados sobre determinado assunto. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os professores atuantes do DPE da UFV. Como instrumentos metodológicos foram utilizados um questionário fechado, que foi entregue no período de jun./2018 a todos os professores, e em seguida, entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com sete professores de cada uma das cinco áreas de atuação do Departamento, no período de ago./2018 a nov./2018. A análise dos dados se iniciou a partir das respostas dos questionários e das transcrições das entrevistas, acompanhada de um diálogo com a literatura. Nessa etapa, estabelecemos relações dos dados obtidos com os conceitos levantados pelos autores estudados. Assim, identificamos que todos os professores desenvolvem metodologias ativas em suas aulas e parecem convergir sobre alguns aspectos relacionados à essa abordagem, como as ideias de educação para a autonomia, o aluno ativo, o professor como sujeito que motiva o aluno a construir seus conhecimentos, práticas de ensino mais dinâmicas e envolventes, etc. Sobre os seus entendimentos a respeito da definição do termo “metodologias ativas”, por mais que alguns professores utilizem técnicas de ensino já conhecidas (estudo de caso, aprendizagem baseada em problema etc.), eles compreendem essa abordagem como uma concepção pedagógica, uma abordagem de ensino planejada e pensada para o engajamento de seus alunos, e não como uma técnica pronta para ser aplicada em qualquer contexto. Já as tecnologias digitais ainda aparecem de forma muito tímida em suas práticas, como um artefato que auxilia no desenvolvimento de algumas atividades. As mais mencionadas por eles foram os Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA), em especial o PVANet; e o projetor multimídia, como recurso audiovisual.
This research investigated how professors from Education Department (DPE) of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) understand, experience and use the active learning methods. The research proposal emerged after I observed, in the literature, the polysemic nature of the active learning concept. According some authors It could be defined as strategies, techniques, tendencies or a pedagogic concept, all of them focused on learning and teaching practices. Moreover, as member of the group entitled "Grupo de Atenção às Tecnologias na Educação" (GATE/UFV) and presuming that digital technologies could increase the effectiveness of active learning methods, I investigated the possible relationship between active learning methods and digital technologies on the practice of the professors. This way, the technology also became an important theme in this research. The theoretical framework began discussing the educational principles of Freire (1967, 1979; 1996) and Dewey (1959) in order to bring up the object of the research. In this part, there was a dialog with many relevant references in the area, such as Berbel (2011) and Mirtre (2008). To support the discussion about technologies, we also presented the contributions of Vieira-Pinto (2005) and Lévy (2010a, 2010b). The methodology applied is based on qualitative research, since I was interested on subjective opinions from interviewees. The subjects of the research were active professors from DPE of UFV. As methodological instruments were used closed-ended surveys, that were distributed among all the professors in August of 2018. Then, the interviews were taken with seven professors, each one chosen among the five areas of the DPE. This step occurred during August and November from 2018. The data analysis began with the responses collected through the survey, supported by a dialog with the presented literature. In other words, I tried to establish some relationship between the responses collected and the concepts exposed by the studied authors. This way, I identified that all the professors develop active learning methods on their classes. Furthermore, they seem to share some aspects on their thoughts about active learning. Some of these shared perceptions were, for instance, the role of student activeness, the teacher as an actor that motivates the class towards the building of their own knowledge, the relevance of practices that are more engaging and dynamic. Regarding active learning definition, even though some professors do use renowned techniques (case study, problem based-learning), they also consider this approach as a pedagogical concept. In other words, active learning would also involve all practices that engage the students, and not only the specific techniques that literature describes. In contrast, the digital technologies appear timidly on their practices. The most mentioned ones were the "Virtual Learning Environment", in especial the PVANet; and the multimedia projector, as an audiovisual resource.
This research investigated how professors from Education Department (DPE) of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) understand, experience and use the active learning methods. The research proposal emerged after I observed, in the literature, the polysemic nature of the active learning concept. According some authors It could be defined as strategies, techniques, tendencies or a pedagogic concept, all of them focused on learning and teaching practices. Moreover, as member of the group entitled "Grupo de Atenção às Tecnologias na Educação" (GATE/UFV) and presuming that digital technologies could increase the effectiveness of active learning methods, I investigated the possible relationship between active learning methods and digital technologies on the practice of the professors. This way, the technology also became an important theme in this research. The theoretical framework began discussing the educational principles of Freire (1967, 1979; 1996) and Dewey (1959) in order to bring up the object of the research. In this part, there was a dialog with many relevant references in the area, such as Berbel (2011) and Mirtre (2008). To support the discussion about technologies, we also presented the contributions of Vieira-Pinto (2005) and Lévy (2010a, 2010b). The methodology applied is based on qualitative research, since I was interested on subjective opinions from interviewees. The subjects of the research were active professors from DPE of UFV. As methodological instruments were used closed-ended surveys, that were distributed among all the professors in August of 2018. Then, the interviews were taken with seven professors, each one chosen among the five areas of the DPE. This step occurred during August and November from 2018. The data analysis began with the responses collected through the survey, supported by a dialog with the presented literature. In other words, I tried to establish some relationship between the responses collected and the concepts exposed by the studied authors. This way, I identified that all the professors develop active learning methods on their classes. Furthermore, they seem to share some aspects on their thoughts about active learning. Some of these shared perceptions were, for instance, the role of student activeness, the teacher as an actor that motivates the class towards the building of their own knowledge, the relevance of practices that are more engaging and dynamic. Regarding active learning definition, even though some professors do use renowned techniques (case study, problem based-learning), they also consider this approach as a pedagogical concept. In other words, active learning would also involve all practices that engage the students, and not only the specific techniques that literature describes. In contrast, the digital technologies appear timidly on their practices. The most mentioned ones were the "Virtual Learning Environment", in especial the PVANet; and the multimedia projector, as an audiovisual resource.
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MARTINS, Ariane Maurício. As metodologias ativas na perspectiva dos professores formadores e tecnologias digitais: diálogos possíveis?. 2019. 96 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
