Controle biológico de Meloidogyne javanica por Trichoderma spp. e actinobactérias edáficas
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2021-12-08
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Os fungos do gênero Trichoderma e as actinobactérias são conhecidos pelo potencial no controle de fitopatógenos. No entanto, o papel de algumas espécies de Trichoderma spp. e dos isolados de actinobactérias do solo frente ao controle do nematoide das galhas Meloidogyne javanica ainda precisa ser melhor investigado. Os principais objetivos desse trabalho foram: selecionar isolados de Trichoderma spp. endofíticos das seringueiras e actinobactérias do solo com potencial de biocontrole frente ao nematoide das galhas M. javanica e confirmar alguns dos seus mecanismos de controle. Isolados de Trichoderma spp. foram avaliados quanto a capacidade de reduzir o número de ovos e galhas de M. javanica em experimentos sob condições de casa de vegetação e usando plantas susceptíveis de tomate da variedade Santa Cruz Kada. Foram selecionados os isolados Trichoderma sp. 22F e T. erinaceum 610F que apresentaram redução do número de ovos de 87 e 86 %, respectivamente, e de galhas de 39 e 37 %, respectivamente. Por outra parte, as actinobactérias usadas neste estudo corresponderam aos gêneros Streptomyces, Kitasatospora, Kribbella e Lentzea. As porcentagens de redução do número de ovos nas plantas tratadas com as actinobactérias Kribbella sp. 5N, Kitasatospora sp. 2AE, Streptomyces sp. 6O e Streptomyces sp. 4L foram acima do 50% para o número de ovos de M. javanica e de 28, 26, 25 e 16 % na redução do número de galhas com Streptomyces sp. 8S, Streptomyces sp. 4L, Streptomyces sp. 10U e Kitasatospora sp. 2AE, respectivamente. Entre os mecanismos de ação confirmados tanto em Trichoderma spp. quanto nas actinobactérias, se destacaram o parasitismo de ovos e a indução de respostas sistêmicas relacionadas com a defesa das plantas, além disso o efeito negativo sobre a penetração dos juvenis nas plantas tratadas também foi confirmado. Todas as actinobactérias apresentaram pelo menos um mecanismo de ação contra M. javanica. Foi confirmada a eficácia de biocontrole dos isolados do gênero Streptomyces e relatada pela primeira vez a eficácia de T. erinaceum 610F além de isolados dos gêneros Kribbella sp. 5N e Kitasatospora sp. 2AE contra M. javanica. Além disso, nas plantas tratadas com Streptomyces sp. 4L foi ativada a expressão dos genes associados com as vias do ácido jasmônico e etileno. Os resultados confirmaram o potencial de biocontrole de isolados endofíticos do gênero Trichoderma e de actinobactérias do solo no controle do nematoide das galhas. Palavras-chave: Biocontrole. Fitonematoide. Trichoderma spp. Streptomyces spp. Kitasatospora sp. Kribbella sp. Lentzea sp.
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma and actinobacteria are known for their potential in controlling phytopathogens. However, the role of some species of Trichoderma spp. and the soil isolates actinobacteria against the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica still needs to be further investigated. The main objectives of this work are: to select isolates of Trichoderma spp. endophytes of rubber trees and soil actinobacteria with potential for biocontrol against the root-knot nematode M. javanica and confirm some of its control mechanisms. Trichoderma spp. isolates were the ability to reduce the number of eggs and galls of M. javanica in plant experiments under greenhouse conditions using susceptible tomato plants of the Santa Cruz Kada variety. The isolates Trichoderma sp. 22F and Trichoderma erinaceum 610F were selected, which showed a reduction in the number of eggs of 87 and 86 %, respectively, and of galls of 39 and 37 %, respectively. On the other hand, the actinobacteria used in this study corresponded to the genera Streptomyces, Kitasatospora, Kribbella and Lentzea. The percentages of reduction in the number of eggs in plants treated with the actinobacteria Kribbella sp. 5N, Kitasatospora sp. 2AE, Streptomyces sp. 6O and Streptomyces sp. 4L were above 50% for the number of M. javanica eggs and 28, 26, 25 and 16 % for the reduction of the number of galls with Streptomyces sp. 8S, Streptomyces sp. 4L, Streptomyces sp. 10U and Kitasatospora sp. 2AE, respectively. Among the confirmed mechanisms of action in both Trichoderma spp. and in actinobacteria, egg parasitism and the induction of systemic responses related to plant defense stood out. Furthermore, the negative effect on the penetration of juveniles into the treated plants was also confirmed. All actinobacteria showed at least one mechanism of action against M. javanica. The biocontrol efficacy of Streptomyces isolates was confirmed and for the first time, the effectiveness of biocontrol of T. erinaceum 610F was reported, in addition to isolates of the genera Kribbella sp. 5N and Kitasatospora sp. 2AE against M. javanica. Furthermore, in plants treated with Streptomyces sp. 4L was activated the expression of genes associated with the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways. The results confirmed the biocontrol potential of endophytic isolates of the genus Trichoderma and soil actinobacteria in the control of root-knot nematode. Keywords: Biocontrol. Phytonematode. Trichoderma spp. Streptomyces spp. Kitasatospora sp. Kribbella sp. Lentzea sp.
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma and actinobacteria are known for their potential in controlling phytopathogens. However, the role of some species of Trichoderma spp. and the soil isolates actinobacteria against the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica still needs to be further investigated. The main objectives of this work are: to select isolates of Trichoderma spp. endophytes of rubber trees and soil actinobacteria with potential for biocontrol against the root-knot nematode M. javanica and confirm some of its control mechanisms. Trichoderma spp. isolates were the ability to reduce the number of eggs and galls of M. javanica in plant experiments under greenhouse conditions using susceptible tomato plants of the Santa Cruz Kada variety. The isolates Trichoderma sp. 22F and Trichoderma erinaceum 610F were selected, which showed a reduction in the number of eggs of 87 and 86 %, respectively, and of galls of 39 and 37 %, respectively. On the other hand, the actinobacteria used in this study corresponded to the genera Streptomyces, Kitasatospora, Kribbella and Lentzea. The percentages of reduction in the number of eggs in plants treated with the actinobacteria Kribbella sp. 5N, Kitasatospora sp. 2AE, Streptomyces sp. 6O and Streptomyces sp. 4L were above 50% for the number of M. javanica eggs and 28, 26, 25 and 16 % for the reduction of the number of galls with Streptomyces sp. 8S, Streptomyces sp. 4L, Streptomyces sp. 10U and Kitasatospora sp. 2AE, respectively. Among the confirmed mechanisms of action in both Trichoderma spp. and in actinobacteria, egg parasitism and the induction of systemic responses related to plant defense stood out. Furthermore, the negative effect on the penetration of juveniles into the treated plants was also confirmed. All actinobacteria showed at least one mechanism of action against M. javanica. The biocontrol efficacy of Streptomyces isolates was confirmed and for the first time, the effectiveness of biocontrol of T. erinaceum 610F was reported, in addition to isolates of the genera Kribbella sp. 5N and Kitasatospora sp. 2AE against M. javanica. Furthermore, in plants treated with Streptomyces sp. 4L was activated the expression of genes associated with the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways. The results confirmed the biocontrol potential of endophytic isolates of the genus Trichoderma and soil actinobacteria in the control of root-knot nematode. Keywords: Biocontrol. Phytonematode. Trichoderma spp. Streptomyces spp. Kitasatospora sp. Kribbella sp. Lentzea sp.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Nematoda - Controle biológico, Fitopatógenos, Fungos endofíticos, Trichoderma, Streptomyces, Kitasatospora, Kribbella, Lentzea
Citação
MOGOLLÓN ORTIZ, Ángela María. Controle biológico de Meloidogyne javanica por Trichoderma spp. e actinobactérias edáficas. 2021. 83 f. Tese (Doutorado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.