Seleção entre e dentro de famílias de cana-de-açúcar em experimentos adensados
Arquivos
Data
2024-02-20
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A fase crucial do melhoramento genético da cana-de-açúcar, conhecida como T1, envolve a seleção inicial da população segregante (seedlings) oriunda de cruzamentos múltiplos e biparentais entre genitores elites que posteriormente serão avaliados através da propagação vegetativa nas fases seguintes. Uma das estratégias de seleção a ser adotada nessa fase é os experimentos adensados. Neste método, a individualização das plântulas em campo é mínima, resultando em um maior número de famílias avaliadas, ao contrário do método convencional de seleção, que requer um espaçamento maior entre as plantas, aumentando a necessidade de uma área experimental mais ampla. Essa metodologia permite ampliar o número de famílias avaliadas, reduzir o tempo de desenvolvimento de novas cultivares e diminuir a área experimental otimizando o uso de recursos humanos e financeiros. A finalidade desse estudo foi avaliar a performance de genótipos, quando realizada a seleção entre e dentro das melhores e piores famílias sob experimento adensado de seleção na fase inicial do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da cana-de-açúcar. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na área experimental do Centro de Pesquisa e Melhoramento de Cana-de-açúcar da UFV. No experimento I, foram avaliadas 98 famílias de meios- irmãos, empregando o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A seleção de famílias foi realizada pelo ranqueamento, considerando o desempenho médio de 10 famílias com maiores Brix, 10 famílias com maiores TCH, 10 famílias com menores Brix e 10 famílias com menores TCH, totalizando 4 grupos de seleção e 34 famílias selecionadas. No experimento II, as parcelas foram constituídas pelos colmos selecionados com base no vigor, associados ao desempenho de 272 genótipos oriundos da seleção dentro das 34 melhores e piores famílias oriundas do experimento I. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos aumentados de Federer com oito blocos e com duas testemunhas (‘RB867515’ e ‘RB966928’) repetidas 7 vezes em cada bloco. Em ambos os experimentos foram avaliados características morfoagronômicas de interesse para o melhoramento genético da cultura e foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos e ambientais em cada experimento. Os coeficientes de variação genética para peso de 10 colmos (PFE), para as características tonelada de cana por hectare (TCH) e tonelada de Brix por hectare (TBH) exibiram valores maiores que 10% em ambos os experimentos. Os valores dos coeficientes de variação experimental (CVe%) variaram de 4,31% (Brix) a 38,83% (TBH). As estimativas de acurácia seletiva foram satisfatórias para Brix e TCH, enquanto a herdabilidade variou de 0,27 para PFE a 0,77 para Brix. No experimento II, a razão do CVg/CVe mostrou valores superiores a 1 para Brix e TCH, indicando que a seleção dos genótipos nesse estudo promoverá ganhos genéticos mais significativos. Na seleção entre os grupos das famílias, pode-se observar que há diferenças significativas para as características Brix e TCH. Para TCH, observou-se variações na performance das famílias entre os dois experimentos, enquanto para Brix os grupos se mantiveram iguais aos de origem. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a seleção das famílias no sistema adensado possibilitou a identificação de famílias e indivíduos superiores que podem ser incorporados nas etapas subsequentes do processo de melhoramento de cana-de-açúcar. Palavras-chave: Melhoramento Genético. Saccharum spp. Seleção precoce.
The crucial phase of sugarcane genetic improvement, known as T1, involves the initial selection of the segregating population (seedlings) arising from multiple and biparental crosses between elite parents that will later be evaluated through vegetative propagation in the following phases. One of the selection strategies adopted at this stage is dense experiments. In this method, the individualization of seedlings in the field is minimal, resulting in a greater number of families evaluated, unlike the conventional selection method, which requires greater spacing between plants, increasing the need for a wider experimental area. This methodology makes it possible to increase the number of families evaluated, reduce the development time of new cultivars, and reduce the experimental area, optimizing the use of human and financial resources. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of genotypes when selection was carried out between and within the best and worst families under a dense selection experiment in the initial phase of a sugarcane Genetic Breeding Program. Two experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the UFV Sugarcane Research and Improvement Center. In Experiment I, 98 half-sibs families were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The selection of families was carried out by ranking, considering the average performance of ten families with the highest Brix, ten families with the highest TCH, ten families with the lowest Brix, and ten families with the lowest TCH, totaling four selection groups and 34 mutually exclusive selected families. The two most vigorous stalks were selected from each plot. In Experiment II, the plots comprised those stalks selected based on vigor, associated with the performance of 272 genotypes from selection within the 34 best and worst families from Experiment I. We used Federer's augmented block design with eight blocks and two checks ('RB867515' and 'RB966928') repeated seven times in each block. In both experiments, morpho-agronomic characteristics of interest for the genetic improvement of the crop were evaluated, and the genetic and environmental parameters were estimated. The coefficients of genetic variation for the weight of 10 stalks (WTS), for the characteristics ton of sugarcane per hectare (TSH), and ton of Brix per hectare (TBH) exhibited values greater than 10% in both experiments. Theexperimental coefficients of variation (CVe%) values ranged from 4.31% (Brix) to 38.83% (TBH). Selective accuracy estimates were satisfactory for the total soluble solids (Brix) and TSH, while heritability ranged from 0.27 for WTS to 0.77 for Brix. In experiment II, the CVg/CVe ratio showed values greater than 1 for Brix and TSH, indicating that the selection of genotypes in this study will promote more significant genetic gains. When selecting between family groups, it can be observed that there are significant differences in the Brix and TSH characteristics. For TSH, variations were observed in the families' performance between the two experiments, while for Brix, the groups remained the same as their original ones. The results indicate that selecting families in the dense system made it possible to identify superior families and individuals that can be incorporated into subsequent stages of the sugarcane breeding process. Keywords: Genetic Improvement. Saccharum spp. Early selection.
The crucial phase of sugarcane genetic improvement, known as T1, involves the initial selection of the segregating population (seedlings) arising from multiple and biparental crosses between elite parents that will later be evaluated through vegetative propagation in the following phases. One of the selection strategies adopted at this stage is dense experiments. In this method, the individualization of seedlings in the field is minimal, resulting in a greater number of families evaluated, unlike the conventional selection method, which requires greater spacing between plants, increasing the need for a wider experimental area. This methodology makes it possible to increase the number of families evaluated, reduce the development time of new cultivars, and reduce the experimental area, optimizing the use of human and financial resources. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of genotypes when selection was carried out between and within the best and worst families under a dense selection experiment in the initial phase of a sugarcane Genetic Breeding Program. Two experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the UFV Sugarcane Research and Improvement Center. In Experiment I, 98 half-sibs families were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The selection of families was carried out by ranking, considering the average performance of ten families with the highest Brix, ten families with the highest TCH, ten families with the lowest Brix, and ten families with the lowest TCH, totaling four selection groups and 34 mutually exclusive selected families. The two most vigorous stalks were selected from each plot. In Experiment II, the plots comprised those stalks selected based on vigor, associated with the performance of 272 genotypes from selection within the 34 best and worst families from Experiment I. We used Federer's augmented block design with eight blocks and two checks ('RB867515' and 'RB966928') repeated seven times in each block. In both experiments, morpho-agronomic characteristics of interest for the genetic improvement of the crop were evaluated, and the genetic and environmental parameters were estimated. The coefficients of genetic variation for the weight of 10 stalks (WTS), for the characteristics ton of sugarcane per hectare (TSH), and ton of Brix per hectare (TBH) exhibited values greater than 10% in both experiments. Theexperimental coefficients of variation (CVe%) values ranged from 4.31% (Brix) to 38.83% (TBH). Selective accuracy estimates were satisfactory for the total soluble solids (Brix) and TSH, while heritability ranged from 0.27 for WTS to 0.77 for Brix. In experiment II, the CVg/CVe ratio showed values greater than 1 for Brix and TSH, indicating that the selection of genotypes in this study will promote more significant genetic gains. When selecting between family groups, it can be observed that there are significant differences in the Brix and TSH characteristics. For TSH, variations were observed in the families' performance between the two experiments, while for Brix, the groups remained the same as their original ones. The results indicate that selecting families in the dense system made it possible to identify superior families and individuals that can be incorporated into subsequent stages of the sugarcane breeding process. Keywords: Genetic Improvement. Saccharum spp. Early selection.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saccharum, Cana-de-açúcar - Seleção, Cana-de-açúcar - Melhoramento genético
Citação
SILVA, Mayara Rodrigues e. Seleção entre e dentro de famílias de cana-de-açúcar em experimentos adensados. 2024. 39 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.