De ribeirinhos à barrageiros: a estruturação do espaço urbano de Nova Mutum Paraná/Porto Velho - RO (2008-2023)
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2023-04-27
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A implantação das usinas hidrelétricas de Jirau em Rondônia provocou impactos de ordem ambiental, socioeconômica e urbana no estado, sobretudo na capital Porto Velho e em seus distritos. Com a justificativa de maior aproveitamento do potencial energético, a implantação da usina de Jirau, acarretou o alagamento da área urbana do distrito Mutum-Paraná, sendo necessária sua realocação. A economia de Mutum-Paraná era considerada de pequeno porte, voltada para o comércio local e para vendas dos que trafegavam pela BR-364. Além disso, era caracterizada por atividades de subsistência, como a exploração da borracha, madeira, garimpo, pesca e agricultura. Em 2011, a população remanejada, que optou pelo reassentamento urbano coletivo, foi realocada na vila Nova Mutum Paraná, planejada pelo consórcio ESBR/Jirau Energia, com o objetivo principal de atender os moradores do antigo distrito de Mutum-Paraná e de áreas rurais que se situavam no entorno do reservatório, bem como para receber a população migrante, atraída pelos empregos gerados pela construção da hidrelétrica. Desse modo, este trabalho buscou analisar a produção do espaço do reassentamento urbano de Nova Mutum Paraná, levando em consideração as políticas empregadas para sua implantação, as mudanças espaciais e socioeconômicas, e seus desdobramentos na apropriação do espaço pelos moradores que foram remanejados do distrito de Mutum-Paraná. A metodologia da pesquisa baseou-se em pesquisas bibliográficas, análise documental, análise morfológica, pesquisa de campo, entrevistas e aplicação de questionários. Constatou-se que a ocupação de Rondônia respondeu a interesses nacionais e internacionais pela busca de recursos naturais, como no Ciclo do Ouro e Ciclos da Borracha, além dos projetos de colonização que visaram amenizar a questão agrária do Brasil. Ademais, foi possível observar que Nova Mutum Paraná apresenta paisagem e forma urbana muito distinta de Mutum-Paraná. Isso é notório no emprego das tipologias construtivas, já que nesse último as edificações eram predominantemente de madeira e com emprego de palafitas nas áreas lindeiras ao Rio Mutum. Já, o reassentamento Nova Mutum Paraná teve, em sua concepção, tipologias habitacionais padronizadas, com o uso de pré-moldado de concreto em sua estrutura e telhado de fibrocimento, fator que desenha uma paisagem homogênea, sem as características e a identidade da população nativa. Mutum-Paraná apresentava características de assentamento informal, com ocupação espontânea, sem esgoto e pavimentação e se delineou sem mecanismos formais de acesso à terra. Apesar disso, o sítio urbano do distrito era de topografia predominantemente plana, com uma tendência a um traçado ortogonal. O projeto do reassentamento urbano, apesar de viabilizar meios de acesso formal ao solo e possuir infraestrutura urbana, não levou em consideração a relação da população com o rio, que o utilizava para atividades econômicas como pesca e garimpo, bem como atividades de lazer. O espaço urbano deve considerar as relações sociais, modo de vida de pensar e sentir, no entanto a reprodução do capital cria descontinuidades e reflete diretamente na vida cotidiana da população. No objeto estudado, evidenciaram-se os reflexos da reprodução do capital nos espaços urbanos pela não adaptação e evasão da população reassentada. Palavras-chave: Assentamentos Informais. Projetos de Infraestrutura. Urbanização da Amazônia. Comunidades Ribeirinhas. Evolução Urbana de Rondônia.
The implementation of the Jirau hydroelectric plants in Rondônia caused environmental, socioeconomic and urban impacts in the state, especially in the capital Porto Velho and its districts. With the justification of greater use of the energy potential, the implementation of the Jirau plant, resulted in the flooding of the urban area of the Mutum-Paraná district, requiring its relocation. The economy of Mutum-Parará was considered small, focused on local commerce and sales for those traveling along the BR-364. In addition, it was characterized by subsistence activities, such as the exploitation of rubber, wood, mining, fishing and agriculture. In 2011, the relocated population that opted for collective urban resettlement was relocated to Vila Nova Mutum Paraná, planned by the ESBR/Jirau Energia consortium, with the main objective of serving residents of the former Mutum-Paraná district and rural areas that located around the reservoir, as well as to receive the migrant population, attracted by the jobs generated by the construction of the hydroelectric plant. Thus, this work sought to analyze the production of urban resettlement space in Nova Mutum Paraná, taking into account the policies employed for its implementation, spatial and socioeconomic changes, and their consequences in the appropriation of space by residents who were relocated from the district of Mutum-Paraná. The research methodology was based on bibliographical research, documental analysis, morphological analysis, field research, interviews and application of questionnaires. It was found that the occupation of Rondônia responded to national and international interests in the search for natural resources, such as the Gold Cycle and Rubber Cycles, in addition to colonization projects that aimed to alleviate the agrarian issue in Brazil. In addition, it was possible to observe that Nova Mutum Paraná presents a landscape and urban form very different from Mutum-Paraná. This is evident in the use of construction typologies, since in Mutum-Paraná the buildings were predominantly made of wood, and the use of stilt houses in areas bordering the Mutum River. The Nova Mutum-Paraná resettlement, on the other hand, had standardized housing typologies in its conception, using reinforced concrete buildings, common masonry and fiber cement roofs, and commercial and institutional buildings had the use of metallic structures, a factor that characterizes a homogeneous landscape. without the characteristics and identity of the native population. Mutum-Paraná presented characteristics of an informal settlement, with spontaneous occupation, without sewerage and paving, and it was outlined without formal mechanisms of access to the land. Despite this, the urban site of the district had a predominantly flat topography, with a tendency towards an orthogonal layout. The urban resettlement project, despite enabling means of formal access to the land and having urban infrastructure, did not take into account the population's relationship with the river, which used it for economic activities such as fishing and mining, as well as leisure activities. The urban space must consider social relations, way of life of thinking and feeling, however the reproduction of capital creates discontinuities and directly reflects on the daily life of the population. In the object studied, the reflexes of the reproduction of capital in urban spaces were evident due to the non-adaptation and evasion of the resettled population. Keywords: Informal Settlements. Infrastructure Projects. Urbanization of the Amazon. Riverside Communities. Urban Evolution of Rondônia.
The implementation of the Jirau hydroelectric plants in Rondônia caused environmental, socioeconomic and urban impacts in the state, especially in the capital Porto Velho and its districts. With the justification of greater use of the energy potential, the implementation of the Jirau plant, resulted in the flooding of the urban area of the Mutum-Paraná district, requiring its relocation. The economy of Mutum-Parará was considered small, focused on local commerce and sales for those traveling along the BR-364. In addition, it was characterized by subsistence activities, such as the exploitation of rubber, wood, mining, fishing and agriculture. In 2011, the relocated population that opted for collective urban resettlement was relocated to Vila Nova Mutum Paraná, planned by the ESBR/Jirau Energia consortium, with the main objective of serving residents of the former Mutum-Paraná district and rural areas that located around the reservoir, as well as to receive the migrant population, attracted by the jobs generated by the construction of the hydroelectric plant. Thus, this work sought to analyze the production of urban resettlement space in Nova Mutum Paraná, taking into account the policies employed for its implementation, spatial and socioeconomic changes, and their consequences in the appropriation of space by residents who were relocated from the district of Mutum-Paraná. The research methodology was based on bibliographical research, documental analysis, morphological analysis, field research, interviews and application of questionnaires. It was found that the occupation of Rondônia responded to national and international interests in the search for natural resources, such as the Gold Cycle and Rubber Cycles, in addition to colonization projects that aimed to alleviate the agrarian issue in Brazil. In addition, it was possible to observe that Nova Mutum Paraná presents a landscape and urban form very different from Mutum-Paraná. This is evident in the use of construction typologies, since in Mutum-Paraná the buildings were predominantly made of wood, and the use of stilt houses in areas bordering the Mutum River. The Nova Mutum-Paraná resettlement, on the other hand, had standardized housing typologies in its conception, using reinforced concrete buildings, common masonry and fiber cement roofs, and commercial and institutional buildings had the use of metallic structures, a factor that characterizes a homogeneous landscape. without the characteristics and identity of the native population. Mutum-Paraná presented characteristics of an informal settlement, with spontaneous occupation, without sewerage and paving, and it was outlined without formal mechanisms of access to the land. Despite this, the urban site of the district had a predominantly flat topography, with a tendency towards an orthogonal layout. The urban resettlement project, despite enabling means of formal access to the land and having urban infrastructure, did not take into account the population's relationship with the river, which used it for economic activities such as fishing and mining, as well as leisure activities. The urban space must consider social relations, way of life of thinking and feeling, however the reproduction of capital creates discontinuities and directly reflects on the daily life of the population. In the object studied, the reflexes of the reproduction of capital in urban spaces were evident due to the non-adaptation and evasion of the resettled population. Keywords: Informal Settlements. Infrastructure Projects. Urbanization of the Amazon. Riverside Communities. Urban Evolution of Rondônia.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Crescimento urbano - Nova Mutum Paraná (Porto Velho, RO), Assentamentos costeiros, Urbanização da Amazônia, Áreas Ribeirinhas
Citação
SILVA, Áurea Dayse Cosmo da. De ribeirinhos à barrageiros: a estruturação do espaço urbano de Nova Mutum Paraná/Porto Velho - RO (2008-2023). 2023. 242 f. Tese (Doutorado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.
