Solos e vegetação associados a cavidades naturais subterrâneas no geossistema ferruginoso da Serra dos Carajás – Pará
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2019-02-22
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O Geossitema Ferruginoso da Serra dos Carajás é uma região de alta biodiversidade e geodiversidade ambiental. A região é compartimentalizada geomorfológicamente em Platôs suaves e ondulados associados à vales profundos com formações geológicas distintas. No interior dos platôs e na transição para os vales ocorrem Cavidades Naturais Subterrâneas, grandes hotspots nutricionais que abrigam uma comunidade vegetal e animal única, ainda pouco estudadas. As cavidades exercem grande influência na área de entorno condicionando a ocorrência de formações vegetacionais com composição florística distinta e solos associados. A partir do gradiente fitofissionômico e topográfico foram caracterizados todos os geoambientes e solos associados à cavidades em três platôs na Serra dos Carajás (N1, N4WS e S11D). Os solos estudados, apresentaram estrutura granular, pequena a muito pequena e forte com elevada porcentagem de concreções ferruginosas, teores elevados de argila e matéria orgânica, baixa CTC efetiva, V e SB, elevados teores de Al3+ no complexo de troca, teores relativamente baixos de metais pesados, valores elevados de ferro extraível e elevada acidez e distrofismo. Os solos no interior das cavidades apresentaram teores de Fósforo (Mehlich 1) significativamente elevados em relação aos demais geoambientes, comprovando que as Cavidades Naturais Subterrâneas são hotspots de Fósforo e de outros nutrientes. Esse fósforo é redistribuído ao longo da cavidade e adjacências e influência o porte da vegetação e composição florística. As cavernas apresentam elevada diversidade mineralógica com predominância de minerais de ferro, e fosfáticos. Os geoambientes estudados foram claramente diferenciados pela sua relação solo-vegetação com distinção clara entre fitofisionomias florestadas e de campo. Esses também diferenciaram quanto à sua composição florística em relação à cada Platô estudado, sendo seus Capões Florestais significativamente distintos. A deposição de guano de quirópteros na cavidade demonstrou a forte influência desse geoambiente na dinâmica ecológica da Serra de Carajás e sua importância para a conservação da biodiversidade local.
The Ferruginous Geosystem of Serra dos Carajás is a region of great environmental biodiversity and geodivertisy. The region is geomorphologically compartmentalized in soft and wavy Plateus associeated with deep valleys with distinctive geological formations. In the Plateus and in the transition zone to valleys Underground Natural Cavities are formed, they are great nutricional hotspots and contains an unique Vegetal and Animal community, poorly understood. The cavities exert great influence in their surroundings conditioning the occurrence of vegetacional formations with distinctive floristic composition and soils associated. Using an phytophisionomic and topographic gradient the geoenvironments and soils associated with caves of tree plateus were classified in the Serra dos Carajás (N1, N4WS, S11D). The studied soils presented an granular, small and very small and strong structure, with great percentage of ferruginous concretions, high content of clay and organic matter, low effective CEC, V and SB, high content of Al3+ in the exchange complex, and relatively low content of heavy metals, and high values of extractable iron and high acidity and dystrophy. Cave soils presented Phosphorus (Mehlich 1) significantly higher in comparison with the other geoenvironments, proving that Underground Natural Cavities are phosphorus and nutricional hotspots. This phosphorus is redistributed though the cavity and their surroundings and influences the vegetation size and floristic composition. The caves presented a high mineralogical diversity with predominance of iron minerals and phosphatic minerals. The geoenvironments studied were clearly differentiated by their soil- vegetation relationship with clear distinction between forested and field phytophysionomies. These also differentiated as to its floristic composition in relation with each plateau, being the “Capões Florestais” significantly different. The guano by the quiropterofauna in cavities showed the strong influence of this geoenvironment in the ecological dynamic of Serra dos Carajás and its importance to the conservation of the local biodiversity.
The Ferruginous Geosystem of Serra dos Carajás is a region of great environmental biodiversity and geodivertisy. The region is geomorphologically compartmentalized in soft and wavy Plateus associeated with deep valleys with distinctive geological formations. In the Plateus and in the transition zone to valleys Underground Natural Cavities are formed, they are great nutricional hotspots and contains an unique Vegetal and Animal community, poorly understood. The cavities exert great influence in their surroundings conditioning the occurrence of vegetacional formations with distinctive floristic composition and soils associated. Using an phytophisionomic and topographic gradient the geoenvironments and soils associated with caves of tree plateus were classified in the Serra dos Carajás (N1, N4WS, S11D). The studied soils presented an granular, small and very small and strong structure, with great percentage of ferruginous concretions, high content of clay and organic matter, low effective CEC, V and SB, high content of Al3+ in the exchange complex, and relatively low content of heavy metals, and high values of extractable iron and high acidity and dystrophy. Cave soils presented Phosphorus (Mehlich 1) significantly higher in comparison with the other geoenvironments, proving that Underground Natural Cavities are phosphorus and nutricional hotspots. This phosphorus is redistributed though the cavity and their surroundings and influences the vegetation size and floristic composition. The caves presented a high mineralogical diversity with predominance of iron minerals and phosphatic minerals. The geoenvironments studied were clearly differentiated by their soil- vegetation relationship with clear distinction between forested and field phytophysionomies. These also differentiated as to its floristic composition in relation with each plateau, being the “Capões Florestais” significantly different. The guano by the quiropterofauna in cavities showed the strong influence of this geoenvironment in the ecological dynamic of Serra dos Carajás and its importance to the conservation of the local biodiversity.
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Laterização, Comunidades vegetais, Amazônia
Citação
ANDRADE, Patanjaly Barbosa de. Solos e vegetação associados a cavidades naturais subterrâneas no geossistema ferruginoso da Serra dos Carajás – Pará. 2019. 211 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.