Associação entre produtos finais de glicação avançada séricos e incidência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica: ELSA-Brasil
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A elevação dos níveis séricos de produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs), bem como a interação com seu receptor celular (RAGE) que ativa o fator de transcrição nuclear kappa B (NF-kB), levando à liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e, subsequentemente, induzindo o aumento da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Estão relacionados com um conjunto de alterações deletérias podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de diversas comorbidades, incluindo as doenças cardiovasculares, o diabetes, a obesidade, a aterosclerose, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e suas complicações. Entretanto, estudos sobre a relação entre as concentrações séricas de AGEs e a incidência de HAS são escassos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação das concentrações séricas de AGEs com a incidência de HAS entre participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Tratou-se de um estudo longitudinal, onde foram utilizados dados da linha de base (2008-2010) e do primeiro seguimento (2012-2014) do ELSA-Brasil referentes à subamostra de participantes do centro de investigação do Rio de Janeiro. As concentrações séricas de AGEs fluorescentes foram determinadas por espectofluorometria e expressas em unidades fluorescentes relativas, sendo categorizadas em baixas (tercil 1) versus intermediárias a altas (tercis 2 e 3 agrupados). A pressão casual foi aferida por meio de aparelho oscilométrico e a incidência de HAS foi definida por critérios padrão. Foram também coletados dados sociodemográficos e comportamentais, mediante aplicação de questionário semiestruturado, informações sobre o consumo alimentar por meio de um questionário de frequência de consumo alimentar, e medidas antropométricas e clínicas. As associações foram testadas por modelagem de Poisson com variância robusta, e foram estimados os riscos relativos (RR) brutos e ajustados por fatores de confusão. Ao longo de quatro anos de seguimento, foram identificados 135 casos novos de HAS no total de 974 participantes incluídos (13,9%). A incidência de HAS foi significantemente maior nos mais idosos, homens e indivíduos com obesidade e diabetes melittus. Além disso, concentrações séricas intermediárias a altas de AGEs fluorescentes foram associadas ao menor consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e maior consumo de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados. No modelo de regressão ajustado por variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais, consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, índice de massa corporal e diabetes, as concentrações séricas intermediárias a altas de AGEs fluorescentes foram associadas à maior incidência de HAS (RR = 1,42, IC95% = 1,01-2,01). Em conclusão, os AGEs séricos fluorescentes com valores intermediários a altos estão associados ao maior risco de desenvolver HAS ao longo de quatro anos de seguimento. Dessa forma, esses achados sugerem que as concentrações séricas de AGEs fluorescentes podem ser usadas como um marcador de risco para a HAS, viabilizando o planejamento de intervenções precoces para a redução da morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares. Palavras-chave: Produtos finais de glicosilação; Pressão Arterial; Espectroscopia de fluorecência.
The increase in serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the interaction with their cellular receptor (RAGE) activates the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB), which leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently induces increased production of reactive oxygen species. This series of deleterious changes can contribute to the development of several comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and its complications. However, studies on the relationship between serum concentrations of AGEs and the incidence of SAH are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to investigate the association between serum concentrations of AGEs and the incidence of SAH among participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil). This was a longitudinal study that used data from the baseline (2008-2010) and the first follow-up (2012-2014) of ELSA-Brazil, which referred to the subsample of participants from the Rio de Janeiro Research Center. Serum concentrations of fluorescent AGEs were determined by spectrofluorimetric detection and expressed in arbitrary units, categorizing them as low (tertile 1) versus moderate to high (tertiles 2 and 3 combined). Casual pressure was measured using an oscillometric device and the incidence of SAH was defined using standard criteria. In addition, sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, food consumption information using a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric and clinical measurements were determined. Associations were tested using Poisson modeling with robust variance and crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) were estimated. During four years of follow-up, 135 new cases of SAH were identified in a total of 974 participants (13.9%) included in the study. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in older people, men and people with overweight/obesity and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, moderate to high serum concentrations of fluorescent AGEs were associated with lower consumption of ultra-processed foods and higher consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods. In the regression model adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral variables, consumption of ultra-processed foods, body mass index, and diabetes, medium to high serum concentrations of fluorescent AGEs were associated with a higher incidence of SAH (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.01-2.01). In conclusion, serum fluorescent AGEs with moderate to high levels are associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension over four years of follow-up. These results therefore suggest that serum concentrations of fluorescent AGEs can be used as risk markers for hypertension, allowing the planning of early interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Keywords: Glycosylation end products; Blood pressure; Spectroscopy fluorescence.
The increase in serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the interaction with their cellular receptor (RAGE) activates the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB), which leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently induces increased production of reactive oxygen species. This series of deleterious changes can contribute to the development of several comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and its complications. However, studies on the relationship between serum concentrations of AGEs and the incidence of SAH are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to investigate the association between serum concentrations of AGEs and the incidence of SAH among participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil). This was a longitudinal study that used data from the baseline (2008-2010) and the first follow-up (2012-2014) of ELSA-Brazil, which referred to the subsample of participants from the Rio de Janeiro Research Center. Serum concentrations of fluorescent AGEs were determined by spectrofluorimetric detection and expressed in arbitrary units, categorizing them as low (tertile 1) versus moderate to high (tertiles 2 and 3 combined). Casual pressure was measured using an oscillometric device and the incidence of SAH was defined using standard criteria. In addition, sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, food consumption information using a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric and clinical measurements were determined. Associations were tested using Poisson modeling with robust variance and crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) were estimated. During four years of follow-up, 135 new cases of SAH were identified in a total of 974 participants (13.9%) included in the study. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in older people, men and people with overweight/obesity and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, moderate to high serum concentrations of fluorescent AGEs were associated with lower consumption of ultra-processed foods and higher consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods. In the regression model adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral variables, consumption of ultra-processed foods, body mass index, and diabetes, medium to high serum concentrations of fluorescent AGEs were associated with a higher incidence of SAH (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.01-2.01). In conclusion, serum fluorescent AGEs with moderate to high levels are associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension over four years of follow-up. These results therefore suggest that serum concentrations of fluorescent AGEs can be used as risk markers for hypertension, allowing the planning of early interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Keywords: Glycosylation end products; Blood pressure; Spectroscopy fluorescence.
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Citation
VITRAL, Viviane Maria de Oliveira. Associação entre produtos finais de glicação avançada séricos e incidência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica: ELSA-Brasil. 2024. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
