Recipientes biodegradáveis e podas apicais na formação e desempenho de mudas altas de maracujazeiro azedo visando a sustentabilidade da produção
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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As doenças viróticas e as limitações no controle fitossanitário representam um dos principais entraves à cultura do maracujazeiro azedo, comprometendo a produtividade e longevidade das plantas. O sistema de produção, com mudas altas, é uma prática promissora, ao possibilitar o escape da contaminação por doenças nas fases iniciais em campo. No entanto, essa tecnologia ainda carece de estudos sobre a escolha do recipiente para a propagação e o manejo adequado das mudas, buscando equilíbrio entre o crescimento da parte aérea e das raízes. Ajustar técnica sustentável a esta estratégia representa um avanço para a cadeia produtiva. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e morfofisiologia de mudas altas de maracujazeiro azedo produzidas em diferentes tipos de recipientes biodegradáveis, com variações na composição e altura, em comparação às sacolas plásticas de polietileno, bem como a interferência dos recipientes biodegradáveis no desenvolvimento subsequente das mudas em condições de campo e vaso. Também foi verificada a interferência da poda apical da parte aérea durante a fase de formação das mudas, quantificando alterações na morfofisiologia e no ciclo reprodutivo das plantas cultivadas tanto em ambiente protegido quanto em campo. Dessa forma, a pesquisa foi estruturada em dois capítulos, cujo estudos foram conduzidos na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa - MG. No primeiro capítulo, foram realizados três ensaios. O Ensaio I foi conduzido em arranjo fatorial 2x3 + 2, sendo dois tipos de composição de recipientes biodegradáveis nas colorações: marrom e branco; três alturas: 10, 20 e 30 cm, e dois tratamentos controle: sacolas plásticas de polietileno 20x10 e 28x15 cm. No Ensaio II, avaliou-se o crescimento das raízes das plantas em recipientes biodegradáveis cultivados em vaso, e no Ensaio III, a morfofisiologia das plantas em campo. Os recipientes biodegradáveis condicionaram menor crescimento inicial de mudas de maracujazeiro azedo em relação às sacolas plásticas de polietileno. O tipo marrom e altura de 30?cm, isoladamente, foram associadas a melhores parâmetros morfológicos. Apesar do menor crescimento em viveiro, após o transplantio não afetou as raízes nem a fase reprodutiva. Os recipientes biodegradáveis também condicionaram maior teor relativo de água na folha no antemanhã e a razão raiz/parte aérea, sem elevar o índice de qualidade de Dickson. O segundo capítulo consistiu em três ensaios. No Ensaio I, foram realizados diferentes níveis de poda na formação das mudas: controle (T1), desponte após a: 4ª, 7ª, 9ª e 11ª folha (T2); 7ª, 10ª, 12ª e 14ª folha (T3); 10ª, 13ª e 15ª folha (T4) e 7ª folha mais velha, 10ª e 12ª folha (T5). A poda resultou em mudas mais robustas, com aumento no diâmetro do caule. As mudas nos tratamentos T2, T3 e T5 apresentaram maior potencial hídrico foliar e razão raiz/parte aérea comparado ao tratamento controle. O tratamento T3 exibiu maior massa fresca e diâmetro das raízes. Nos Ensaios II e III, o índice de velocidade de florescimento nos tratamentos T2 e T4 foi superior ao tratamento controle, refletindo maior índice de velocidade de colheita nos primeiros 40 dias, em ambiente protegido e campo aberto. Contudo, isso não se traduziu em maior produção e produtividade na primeira safra. Palavras-chave: ambiente protegido; morfofisiologia; precocidade reprodutiva.
Viral diseases and limitations in phytosanitary control represent one of the main obstacles to the cultivation of sour passion fruit, compromising plant productivity and longevity. The production system using tall seedlings is a promising practice, as it enables the avoidance of disease contamination during the initial stages in the field. However, this technology still lacks studies regarding the choice of propagation containers and appropriate seedling management to achieve a balance between shoot and root growth. Adapting sustainable techniques to this strategy represents progress for the production chain. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the growth and morphophysiology of tall sour passion fruit seedlings produced in different types of biodegradable containers, varying in composition and height, in comparison to polyethylene plastic bags, as well as the influence of biodegradable containers on the subsequent development of the seedlings under field and pot conditions. The influence of apical pruning during the seedling formation stage was also examined, measuring changes in morphophysiology and the reproductive cycle of plants grown both in a protected environment and in the field.Thus, the research was structured into two chapters, with the studies conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa Campus – MG. In Chapter One, three trials were carried out. Trial I was conducted in a 2x3 + 2 factorial arrangement, involving two types of biodegradable container materials in brown and white colors; three heights: 10, 20, and 30 cm; and two control treatments: polyethylene plastic bags of 20x10 cm and 28x15 cm. Trial II evaluated root growth of plants cultivated in biodegradable containers in pots, and Trial III assessed the morphophysiology of plants in the field. Biodegradable containers led to reduced initial growth of sour passion fruit seedlings compared to polyethylene plastic bags. The brown type and 30?cm height, individually, were associated with better morphological parameters. Despite the reduced nursery growth, after transplanting there was no negative effect on root development or the reproductive phase. Biodegradable containers also resulted in higher relative leaf water content before dawn and increased root/shoot ratio, without improving the Dickson Quality Index. Chapter Two consisted of three trials. In Trial I, different levels of apical pruning were applied during seedling formation: control (T1), pruning after the emergence of the 4th, 7th, 9th, and 11th leaf (T2); 7th, 10th, 12th, and 14th leaf (T3); 10th, 13th, and 15th leaf (T4); and the 7th oldest, 10th, and 12th leaf (T5). Pruning resulted in more robust seedlings, with increased stem diameter. Seedlings in treatments T2, T3, and T5 showed higher leaf water potential and root/shoot ratio compared to the control. Treatment T3 exhibited greater fresh root mass and root diameter. In Trials II and III, the flowering speed index in treatments T2 and T4 was higher than the control, reflecting a higher harvest speed index within the first 40 days, both in a protected environment and in the open field. However, this did not translate into greater yield or productivity in the first harvest. Keywords: protected environment; morphophysiology; reproductive precocity.
Viral diseases and limitations in phytosanitary control represent one of the main obstacles to the cultivation of sour passion fruit, compromising plant productivity and longevity. The production system using tall seedlings is a promising practice, as it enables the avoidance of disease contamination during the initial stages in the field. However, this technology still lacks studies regarding the choice of propagation containers and appropriate seedling management to achieve a balance between shoot and root growth. Adapting sustainable techniques to this strategy represents progress for the production chain. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the growth and morphophysiology of tall sour passion fruit seedlings produced in different types of biodegradable containers, varying in composition and height, in comparison to polyethylene plastic bags, as well as the influence of biodegradable containers on the subsequent development of the seedlings under field and pot conditions. The influence of apical pruning during the seedling formation stage was also examined, measuring changes in morphophysiology and the reproductive cycle of plants grown both in a protected environment and in the field.Thus, the research was structured into two chapters, with the studies conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa Campus – MG. In Chapter One, three trials were carried out. Trial I was conducted in a 2x3 + 2 factorial arrangement, involving two types of biodegradable container materials in brown and white colors; three heights: 10, 20, and 30 cm; and two control treatments: polyethylene plastic bags of 20x10 cm and 28x15 cm. Trial II evaluated root growth of plants cultivated in biodegradable containers in pots, and Trial III assessed the morphophysiology of plants in the field. Biodegradable containers led to reduced initial growth of sour passion fruit seedlings compared to polyethylene plastic bags. The brown type and 30?cm height, individually, were associated with better morphological parameters. Despite the reduced nursery growth, after transplanting there was no negative effect on root development or the reproductive phase. Biodegradable containers also resulted in higher relative leaf water content before dawn and increased root/shoot ratio, without improving the Dickson Quality Index. Chapter Two consisted of three trials. In Trial I, different levels of apical pruning were applied during seedling formation: control (T1), pruning after the emergence of the 4th, 7th, 9th, and 11th leaf (T2); 7th, 10th, 12th, and 14th leaf (T3); 10th, 13th, and 15th leaf (T4); and the 7th oldest, 10th, and 12th leaf (T5). Pruning resulted in more robust seedlings, with increased stem diameter. Seedlings in treatments T2, T3, and T5 showed higher leaf water potential and root/shoot ratio compared to the control. Treatment T3 exhibited greater fresh root mass and root diameter. In Trials II and III, the flowering speed index in treatments T2 and T4 was higher than the control, reflecting a higher harvest speed index within the first 40 days, both in a protected environment and in the open field. However, this did not translate into greater yield or productivity in the first harvest. Keywords: protected environment; morphophysiology; reproductive precocity.
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PEREIRA, Luanna Fernandes. Recipientes biodegradáveis e podas apicais na formação e desempenho de mudas altas de maracujazeiro azedo visando a sustentabilidade da produção. 2025. 108 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
