Descontrole glicêmico em pacientes adultos no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Objetivo: Analisar o descontrole glicêmico em pacientes adultos em pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca. Método: Trata-se de um estudo conduzido em três etapas: revisão integrativa da literatura; estudo de coorte retrospectiva e desenvolvimento de um produto técnico. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retorpectivo, através de coleta de dados secundários em prontuários de pacientes que realizaram cirurgia cardíaca. Resultados: De acordo com a literatura, os efeitos mais comuns da glicemia instável em pacientes em pós operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca são o aumento da mortalidade e do tempo de internação, fibrilação atrial, insuficiência renal aguda, acidente vascular encefálico, delirium, maiores custos, reinternações mais frequentes, maiores chances de infecção pós operatória. Em relação ao estudo de coorte, a incidência de descontrole glicêmico no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca foi de 40,7% (n = 37), entre os 91 pacientes analisados. A alteração mais incidente foi a hiperglicemia (86,5%) e apenas dois pacientes (5,4%) apresentaram hipoglicemia. Observou-se associação estatística significativa entre o uso prévio de insulina e a ocorrência de descontrole glicêmico durante o pós-operatório imediato (p=0.039). Das características clínicas nos pacientes que apresentaram o descontrole glicêmico, evidenciou- se, que no terceiro momento de aferição o valor da frequência respiratória foi maior (p= 0,043); no primeiro momento da aferição a saturação de oxigênio foi menor (p=0,040); no quarto momento de aferição o valor da temperatura foi menor (p=0,024). O uso de corticóides durante o quarto momento de aferição do valor de glicemia também esteve associado (p=0,039) ao descontrole glicêmico. A necessidade de correção glicêmica esteve associada ao descontrole glicêmico nos momentos 2,3 e 4 (p<0,001; p=0,001 e p=0,012, respectivamente). Sobre os valores absolutos de glicemia, os pacientes com descontrole glicêmico apresentaram maior variabilidade glicêmica (35,3 ±18,5%) e maiores médias de glicemia em todas as mensurações realizadas. Foi produzido uma cartilha sensibilizadora a respeito destes fatores de risco identificados. Conclusão: Identificar os efeitos da glicemia instável e a incidência e os fatores associados ao descontrole glicêmico em pacientes adultos em pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca é essencial para minimizar este evento, bem como melhorar a segurança e estabelecer cuidados baseados em evidências. Descritores: Enfermagem. Procedimentos cirúrgicos cardíacos. Controle glicêmico. Cirurgia torácica. Cuidados pós-operatórios. Cuidados intensivos.
Objective: To analyze glycemic dysregulation in adult patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Method: This study was conducted in three stages: integrative literature review, retrospective cohort study, and development of a technical product. Results: According to the literature, the most common effects of unstable glycemia in patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery are increased mortality and length of hospital stay, atrial fibrillation, acute renal failure, stroke, delirium, higher costs, more frequent readmissions, and increased chances of postoperative infection. Regarding the cohort study, the incidence of glycemic dysregulation in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery was 40.7% (n = 37) among the 91 analyzed patients. The most common alteration was hyperglycemia (86.5%), and only two patients (5.4%) had hypoglycemia. There was a statistically significant association between prior insulin use and the occurrence of glycemic dysregulation during the immediate postoperative period (p=0.039). Among the clinical characteristics in patients with glycemic dysregulation, it was observed that at the third measurement moment, the respiratory rate was higher (p= 0.043); at the first measurement moment, oxygen saturation was lower (p=0.040); at the fourth measurement moment, the temperature was lower (p=0.024). The use of corticosteroids during the fourth measurement moment of blood glucose was also associated (p=0.039). The need for glycemic correction was associated with glycemic dysregulation at moments 2, 3, and 4 (p<0.001; p=0.001; and p=0.012, respectively). Regarding absolute glucose values, patients with glycemic dysregulation showed higher glycemic variability (35.3 ±18.5%) and higher mean glucose levels in all measurements taken. Conclusion: Identifying the effects of unstable glycemia and the incidence and factors associated with glycemic dysregulation in adult patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery is essential to minimize this event, improve safety, and establish evidence-based care. Descritores: Nursing. Cardiac surgical procedures. Glycemic control. Thoracic surgery. Post-operative care. Intensive care.
Objective: To analyze glycemic dysregulation in adult patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Method: This study was conducted in three stages: integrative literature review, retrospective cohort study, and development of a technical product. Results: According to the literature, the most common effects of unstable glycemia in patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery are increased mortality and length of hospital stay, atrial fibrillation, acute renal failure, stroke, delirium, higher costs, more frequent readmissions, and increased chances of postoperative infection. Regarding the cohort study, the incidence of glycemic dysregulation in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery was 40.7% (n = 37) among the 91 analyzed patients. The most common alteration was hyperglycemia (86.5%), and only two patients (5.4%) had hypoglycemia. There was a statistically significant association between prior insulin use and the occurrence of glycemic dysregulation during the immediate postoperative period (p=0.039). Among the clinical characteristics in patients with glycemic dysregulation, it was observed that at the third measurement moment, the respiratory rate was higher (p= 0.043); at the first measurement moment, oxygen saturation was lower (p=0.040); at the fourth measurement moment, the temperature was lower (p=0.024). The use of corticosteroids during the fourth measurement moment of blood glucose was also associated (p=0.039). The need for glycemic correction was associated with glycemic dysregulation at moments 2, 3, and 4 (p<0.001; p=0.001; and p=0.012, respectively). Regarding absolute glucose values, patients with glycemic dysregulation showed higher glycemic variability (35.3 ±18.5%) and higher mean glucose levels in all measurements taken. Conclusion: Identifying the effects of unstable glycemia and the incidence and factors associated with glycemic dysregulation in adult patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery is essential to minimize this event, improve safety, and establish evidence-based care. Descritores: Nursing. Cardiac surgical procedures. Glycemic control. Thoracic surgery. Post-operative care. Intensive care.
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JANUÁRIO, Carla de Fátima. Descontrole glicêmico em pacientes adultos no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. 2024. 104 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
