Dinâmica de liberação do nitrogênio da ureia de eficiência melhorada
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A ureia é atualmente a principal fonte de N para as culturas, no entanto, apresenta menor eficiência agronômica, sobretudo nas adubações de cobertura, devido a volatilização da NH3. A incorporação e o parcelamento das aplicações da ureia são as principais estratégias de manejo para reduzir a volatilização de NH3, no entanto, ambas estratégias requerem custos adicionais. O revestimento da ureia com polímeros é uma estratégia industrial para reduzir a volatilização de NH3 já usada a bastante tempo, porém, a maioria dos polímeros usados no revestimento da ureia foram recentemente interditados devido a difícil decomposição no solo, daí a necessidade de se procurar alternativas como o acetato de celulose, visto que é um polímero de baixo custo e biodegradável já amplamente utilizado. Dos diversos inibidores, o NBPT é o de maior importância na agricultura, todavia, tem baixa estabilidade nas condições do solo, o que limita a sua eficácia, daí a necessidade de se melhorar a sua eficiência combinando-o com polímeros. A compactação e britagem da ureia em grânulos também está sendo proposta como alternativa para melhorar a sua eficiência. Este trabalho constitui-se em dois capítulos com dois objetivos: (i) caracterizar a dinâmica de volatilização da NH3 de ureia tratada com polímeros da linha KimcoatN® e com acetato de celulose combinado ou não com NBPT e uma nova linha de fertilizantes à base de ureia prensada e (ii) avaliar a dinâmica de liberação de N da ureia tratada com polímeros da linha KimcoatN® e a nova linha de ureia prensada por meio do N recuperado pela Urochloa brizantha. Para o primeiro capítulo a NH3 volatilizada foi avaliada em laboratório, utilizando um sistema de câmaras de volatilização conectadas à unidades de captura de NH3 com solução de H3BO3 20 g/L e quantificada indiretamente por titulação potenciométrica. Entre os fertilizantes da linha Kincoat, o KNX proporcionou uma volatilização menor, com a redução de 56 % na quantidade total de NH 3 volatilizada em relação à ureia, enquanto que a UAcC proporcionou a redução de 18 % e aumentou a eficácia do NBPT em 21 %. Entre os fertilizantes da linha compactada a Uc33 proporcionou maior redução de 73 % na quantidade total de NH3 volatilizada. No segundo capítulo o experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação quantificando o N acumulado por plantas de Urochloa brizantha e o N acumulado foi determinado pelo método Kejeldhal e dosado indiretamente por titulação colorimétrica com solução de HCl 50 mmol/L. Entre os fertilizantes da linha Kincoat não houve diferença em relação ao N acumulado, enquanto que entre os fertilizantes da linha compactada a Uc33 apresentou maior quantidades de N acumulado e em média os fertilizantes dessa linha apresentaram maior quantidades de N acumulado do que os da linha Kincoat.
Urea is currently the main source of N for crops, however, it has lower agronomic efficiency, especially in cover fertilization due to the volatilization of NH3. The incorporation and fragmentation of urea applications are the main management strategies to reduce volatilization of NH3, however, both strategies require additional costs. The coating of urea with polymers is an industrial strategy to reduce the volatilization of NH3 already used for a long time, however, most of the polymers used in the urea coating were recently closed due to difficult soil decomposition, hence the need to look for alternatives such as cellulose acetate, since it is a low cost and biodegradable polymer already widely used. Of the various inhibitors, NBPT is of major importance in agriculture, however, it has low stability in soil conditions, which limits its effectiveness, hence the need to improve its efficiency by combining it with polymers. The compaction and crushing of urea into granules is also being proposed as an alternative to improve its efficiency. This work consists of two chapters with two objectives: (i) to characterize the volatilization dynamics of NH3 of urea treated with polymers of the KimcoatN® line and with cellulose acetate combined or not with NBPT and a new line of fertilizers based on pressed urea and (ii) to evaluate the dynamics of N-release of the treated urea with the KimcoatN® line polymers and the new N-pressed urea line recovered by Urochloa brizantha. For the first chapter the volatilized NH3 was evaluated in the laboratory using a volatilization chamber system connected to the NH3 capture units with 20 g/L H3BO3 solution and quantified indirectly by potentiometric titration. Among the Kincoat fertilizers, KNX provided a lower volatilization, with a 56 % reduction in the total amount of volatilized NH3 compared to urea, while the UAcC provided a reduction of 18 % and increased the efficacy of NBPT by 21 %. Among the fertilizers of the compacted line the Uc33 provided smaller the reduction of 73 % in the total amount of volatilized NH3. In the second chapter the experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, quantifying the N accumulated by Urochloa brizantha plants and the accumulated N was determined by the Kejeldhal method and indirectly dosed by colorimetric titration with 50 mmol/L HCl solution. Among the fertilizers of the Kincoat line, there was no difference in relation to the N accumulated, while among the fertilizers of the compacted line the Uc33 presented higher amounts of N accumulated and on average the fertilizers of this line presented higher amounts of N accumulated than those of the Kincoat line.
Urea is currently the main source of N for crops, however, it has lower agronomic efficiency, especially in cover fertilization due to the volatilization of NH3. The incorporation and fragmentation of urea applications are the main management strategies to reduce volatilization of NH3, however, both strategies require additional costs. The coating of urea with polymers is an industrial strategy to reduce the volatilization of NH3 already used for a long time, however, most of the polymers used in the urea coating were recently closed due to difficult soil decomposition, hence the need to look for alternatives such as cellulose acetate, since it is a low cost and biodegradable polymer already widely used. Of the various inhibitors, NBPT is of major importance in agriculture, however, it has low stability in soil conditions, which limits its effectiveness, hence the need to improve its efficiency by combining it with polymers. The compaction and crushing of urea into granules is also being proposed as an alternative to improve its efficiency. This work consists of two chapters with two objectives: (i) to characterize the volatilization dynamics of NH3 of urea treated with polymers of the KimcoatN® line and with cellulose acetate combined or not with NBPT and a new line of fertilizers based on pressed urea and (ii) to evaluate the dynamics of N-release of the treated urea with the KimcoatN® line polymers and the new N-pressed urea line recovered by Urochloa brizantha. For the first chapter the volatilized NH3 was evaluated in the laboratory using a volatilization chamber system connected to the NH3 capture units with 20 g/L H3BO3 solution and quantified indirectly by potentiometric titration. Among the Kincoat fertilizers, KNX provided a lower volatilization, with a 56 % reduction in the total amount of volatilized NH3 compared to urea, while the UAcC provided a reduction of 18 % and increased the efficacy of NBPT by 21 %. Among the fertilizers of the compacted line the Uc33 provided smaller the reduction of 73 % in the total amount of volatilized NH3. In the second chapter the experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, quantifying the N accumulated by Urochloa brizantha plants and the accumulated N was determined by the Kejeldhal method and indirectly dosed by colorimetric titration with 50 mmol/L HCl solution. Among the fertilizers of the Kincoat line, there was no difference in relation to the N accumulated, while among the fertilizers of the compacted line the Uc33 presented higher amounts of N accumulated and on average the fertilizers of this line presented higher amounts of N accumulated than those of the Kincoat line.
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NUVUNGA, Stélio Boaventura Paulino. Dinâmica de liberação do nitrogênio da ureia de eficiência melhorada. 2017. 37 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2017.
