O uso da lógica fuzzy no controle das temperaturas de um conjunto gaseificador/combustor de biomassas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Este trabalho consistiu da projeção e construção de um gaseificador de biomassa do tipo concorrente que, acoplado a um combustor do gás, produziu uma mistura de ar quente
com ar ambiente para ser utilizada na secagem de grãos e outros fins. O objetivo foi controlar a temperatura na zona de combustão do gaseificador e a temperatura do ar quente de exaustão do conjunto gaseficador/combustor. A fundamentação matemática escolhida para desenvolver o algoritmo de controle das temperaturas do conjunto
gaseificador/combustor foi o Sistema Lógico Fuzzy, que utiliza os conceitos da lógica fuzzy para modelar processos mediante os conhecimentos empíricos de especialistas em um determinado campo de estudos. O conjunto gaseificador/combustor foi avaliado no Laboratório de Energias Alternativas do DEA/UFV. Foram feitos oito testes
experimentais, sendo que os dois primeiros foram testes preliminares, para avaliar o projeto do gaseificador e coletar dados que subsidiassem a construção dos Sistemas Lógicos Fuzzy. Nos quatro testes seguintes avaliou-se a eficiência dos Sistemas Lógicos Fuzzy em manter as temperaturas na zona de combustão do gaseificador e do ar quente de exaustão do conjunto gaseificador/combustor nos valores pretendidos. Nos dois últimos, avaliaram-se as respostas dos Sistemas Lógicos Fuzzy a situações em que foram provocadas instabilidades na temperatura na zona de combustão do reator, utilizando, simultaneamente, mais de um tipo de combustível. Durante os testes foram coletados dados de temperatura em diversos pontos do conjunto gaseificador/combustor. Os métodos estatísticos utilizados para avaliar a eficiência dos Sistemas
Lógicos Fuzzy foram: a variabilidade dos dados de temperatura e o teste de t de Student, para comparar a temperatura média dos dados de temperatura e o valor de referência, o setpoint. Os resultados mostraram que os Sistemas Lógicos Fuzzy controlaram, de forma eficiente, a temperatura na zona de combustão do gaseificador e a temperatura do ar quente de exaustão, o que viabiliza o seu uso na secagem de grãos e outros fins.
This study consisted in designing and building a concurrent biomass gasifier that, when attached to a gas combustor, produced a mix of hot air and ambient air to be used for drying grains, among other things. It aimed at controlling the combustion zone gasifier temperature and exhaust hot air temperature. The theoretical mathematical framework chosen to develop the algorithm to temperatures control of the set gasifier/combustor was Fuzzy Logic System, which uses fuzzy logic concepts to model processes based on the empirical knowledge of specialists in a particular study field. The set gasifier/combustor was assessed at the DEA/UFV Alternatives Energies Lab. Eight experimental tests were carried out. The first two were preliminary tests to assess the gasifier design and collect data to support the construction of Fuzzy Logic Systems. The next four tests intended to assess efficiency of the Fuzzy Logic Systems and keep gasiefier combustion zone and exhaust air temperatures of the set gasifier/combustor at desired values. The last two tests assessed the Fuzzy Logic System responses to situations in which instability in gasification combustion zone temperature was caused by using, simultaneously, in the same test, different types of fuel. Temperature data at different points of the gasifier/combustor were collected during the tests. The statistic methods used for assessing Fuzzy Logic System efficiency were: temperature data variability and Student t-test, to compare average temperature of temperature data and the reference value, setpoint. The results showed that the Fuzzy Logic Systems effectively controlled the gasifier combustion zone and exhaust hot air temperatures, which enables its use for drying grains and other purposes.
This study consisted in designing and building a concurrent biomass gasifier that, when attached to a gas combustor, produced a mix of hot air and ambient air to be used for drying grains, among other things. It aimed at controlling the combustion zone gasifier temperature and exhaust hot air temperature. The theoretical mathematical framework chosen to develop the algorithm to temperatures control of the set gasifier/combustor was Fuzzy Logic System, which uses fuzzy logic concepts to model processes based on the empirical knowledge of specialists in a particular study field. The set gasifier/combustor was assessed at the DEA/UFV Alternatives Energies Lab. Eight experimental tests were carried out. The first two were preliminary tests to assess the gasifier design and collect data to support the construction of Fuzzy Logic Systems. The next four tests intended to assess efficiency of the Fuzzy Logic Systems and keep gasiefier combustion zone and exhaust air temperatures of the set gasifier/combustor at desired values. The last two tests assessed the Fuzzy Logic System responses to situations in which instability in gasification combustion zone temperature was caused by using, simultaneously, in the same test, different types of fuel. Temperature data at different points of the gasifier/combustor were collected during the tests. The statistic methods used for assessing Fuzzy Logic System efficiency were: temperature data variability and Student t-test, to compare average temperature of temperature data and the reference value, setpoint. The results showed that the Fuzzy Logic Systems effectively controlled the gasifier combustion zone and exhaust hot air temperatures, which enables its use for drying grains and other purposes.
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REZENDE, Oscar Luiz Teixeira de. Using fuzzy logic to control the temperatures of a set gasifier/combustor of biomasses. 2012. 136 f. Tese (Doutorado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2012.
