Contagem de carboidratos para controle glicêmico em jovens com diabetes tipo 1: revisão sistemática e meta-análise
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) é uma doença crônica não transmissível (DCNT) caracterizada pela deficiência de produção de insulina, decorrente, na maioria dos casos, de um processo autoimune. Como consequência, o uso exógeno de insulina torna-se indispensável para a manutenção do controle glicêmico. Nesse contexto, a contagem de carboidratos, método que permite estimar a dose adequada de insulina, destaca-se como uma estratégia eficaz. Entretanto, sua aplicação ainda não é amplamente difundida entre crianças e adolescentes com DM1. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da CC na HbA1c em crianças e adolescentes com DM1, em comparação ao método de doses pré-fixadas de insulina. Além disso, este estudo tem como objetivo aplicar, de forma prática, um curso educativo sobre o método. Desta forma, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise, incluindo estudos publicados entre janeiro de 1993 e agosto de 2024 nas bases EMBASE, PubMed Central (PMC), Wiley Online Library e ScienceDirect. O desfecho primário foi a redução da HbA1c, comparando indivíduos que utilizavam a contagem de carboidratos com aqueles que não empregavam essa estratégia. Os resultados foram sintetizados por meio da diferença absoluta das médias de HbA1c entre os grupos. Todos os métodos de contagem de carboidratos apresentaram impacto positivo no controle glicêmico, com reduções variando de –1,35% (maior efeito) a –0,73% (menor efeito), e média geral de –0,94% (IC 95%: –1,13 a –0,74). O artigo produzido confirma a efetividade da contagem de carboidratos na redução dos níveis de HbA1c em crianças e adolescentes com DM1, reforçando que mesmo a aplicação da contagem básica é vantajosa no manejo da doença. A realização do curso “Doce Jornada” complementou esses achados, ao evidenciar a importância da integração entre teoria e prática, permitindo que os participantes aprendessem o método de forma acessível, contextualizada e alinhada à realidade. Portanto, a contagem de carboidratos é eficaz na redução da HbA1c em crianças e adolescentes com DM1, mostrando-se superior às doses fixas no regime de múltiplas doses diárias, especialmente quando associada a aplicativos de calculadoras de insulina, embora a heterogeneidade dos estudos aponte para a necessidade de pesquisas futuras mais homogêneas. Palavras-chave: Calculadora automática de bólus; Contagem de Carboidratos; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1; Meta-análise; Revisão Sistemática
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) characterized by a deficiency in insulin production, resulting, in most cases, from an autoimmune process. Consequently, exogenous insulin use is essential for maintaining glycemic control. In this context, carbohydrate counting (CC)—a method that allows for estimating the appropriate insulin dose—stands out as an effective strategy. However, its application is still not widespread among children and adolescents with T1DM. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of CC on HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with T1DM compared to the fixed-dose insulin method. Additionally, this study aimed to practically implement an educational course on the method. Thus, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, including studies published between January 1993 and August 2024 across the EMBASE, PubMed Central (PMC), Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect databases. The primary outcome was the reduction in HbA1c, comparing individuals who used carbohydrate counting with those who did not employ this strategy. The results were synthesized using the absolute mean difference in HbA1c between the groups. All carbohydrate counting methods showed a positive impact on glycemic control, with reductions ranging from –1.35% (largest effect) to –0.73% (smallest effect), and an overall mean of –0.94% (95% CI: –1.13 to –0.74). The resulting article confirms the effectiveness of carbohydrate counting in reducing HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with T1DM, reinforcing that even the application of basic counting is advantageous in managing the disease. The implementation of the "Sweet Journey" course complemented these findings by highlighting the importance of integrating theory and practice, allowing participants to learn the method in an accessible, contextualized manner aligned with their reality. Therefore, carbohydrate counting is effective in reducing HbA1c in children and adolescents with T1DM, proving superior to fixed doses in multiple daily dose regimens, especially when associated with insulin calculator applications, although the heterogeneity of the studies points to the need for more homogeneous future research. Keywords: Automated Bolus Calculator; Carbohydrate Counting; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; Meta-analysis; Systematic Review
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) characterized by a deficiency in insulin production, resulting, in most cases, from an autoimmune process. Consequently, exogenous insulin use is essential for maintaining glycemic control. In this context, carbohydrate counting (CC)—a method that allows for estimating the appropriate insulin dose—stands out as an effective strategy. However, its application is still not widespread among children and adolescents with T1DM. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of CC on HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with T1DM compared to the fixed-dose insulin method. Additionally, this study aimed to practically implement an educational course on the method. Thus, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, including studies published between January 1993 and August 2024 across the EMBASE, PubMed Central (PMC), Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect databases. The primary outcome was the reduction in HbA1c, comparing individuals who used carbohydrate counting with those who did not employ this strategy. The results were synthesized using the absolute mean difference in HbA1c between the groups. All carbohydrate counting methods showed a positive impact on glycemic control, with reductions ranging from –1.35% (largest effect) to –0.73% (smallest effect), and an overall mean of –0.94% (95% CI: –1.13 to –0.74). The resulting article confirms the effectiveness of carbohydrate counting in reducing HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with T1DM, reinforcing that even the application of basic counting is advantageous in managing the disease. The implementation of the "Sweet Journey" course complemented these findings by highlighting the importance of integrating theory and practice, allowing participants to learn the method in an accessible, contextualized manner aligned with their reality. Therefore, carbohydrate counting is effective in reducing HbA1c in children and adolescents with T1DM, proving superior to fixed doses in multiple daily dose regimens, especially when associated with insulin calculator applications, although the heterogeneity of the studies points to the need for more homogeneous future research. Keywords: Automated Bolus Calculator; Carbohydrate Counting; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; Meta-analysis; Systematic Review
Description
Citation
GUARÇONI, Poliana Viana. Contagem de carboidratos para controle glicêmico em jovens com diabetes tipo 1: revisão sistemática e meta-análise. 2025. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
