Efeitos dos terpenos no tratamento da leishmaniose visceral: uma revisão sistemática da evidência pré-clínica
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As leishmanioses são antropozoonoses de transmissão vetorial e constituem um problema de saúde pública atualmente, sobretudo por serem doenças negligenciadas. A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é a forma mais grave e potencialmente fatal. Ainda não existem vacinas contra a leishmaniose humana, e a quimioterapia é tóxica e potencialmente teratogênica. As plantas, usadas terapeuticamente há milhares de anos, contribuem na busca por novas drogas contra LV. Terpenos, um dos grupos de metabólitos secundários das plantas, já tiveram várias atividades descritas e foram escolhidos para terem os seus potenciais efeitos leishmanicidas em modelos murinos revisados sistematicamente. Os artigos foram pesquisados nas bases Web of Science, Scopus e PubMed. Trinta e quatro artigos foram incluídos na síntese e posteriormente, realizou-se a análise de viés dos trabalhos com a ferramenta SYRCLE. Em geral, o tratamento com os terpenos não apresentou toxicidade ou a toxicidade era desprezível, resultando em aumento da resposta imune do tipo Th1, redução de citocinas Th2, aumento na produção de óxido nítrico (NO) e redução da carga parasitária (> 90% até > 99%). Os terpenos também atuaram na membrana plasmática e na DNA topoisomerase do parasita, induzindo a apoptose. Os estudos também revelaram o uso de carreadores de terpenos. Isso evita a rápida excreção dos fármacos e os libera no sítio da infecção. O uso de alguns derivados de terpeno destacou-se por reduzir a toxicidade. Essas ações positivas do tratamento de LV com terpenos abrem caminho para outros testes pré- clínicos e dão um direcionamento para testes em humanos. Palavras-chave: Leishmaniose visceral. Terpenos. Tratamento. Terapia. Fitoterápicos.
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne anthropozoonosis and is currently a public health problem, mainly because it is a neglected disease. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most serious and potentially fatal form. There are still no vaccines against human leishmaniasis, and chemotherapy is toxic and potentially teratogenic. Plants, used therapeutically for thousands of years, contribute to the search for new drugs against VL. Terpenes, one of the groups of secondary plant metabolites, have already had several activities described and were chosen to have their potential leishmanicidal effects in murine models systematically reviewed. Articles were searched in the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases. Thirty-four articles were included in the synthesis and later, a bias analysis was performed with the SYRCLE tool. In general, the treatment with terpenes showed no toxicity or the toxicity was negligible, resulting in an increase in the Th1-type immune response, a reduction in Th2 cytokines, an increase in the production of nitric oxide (NO) and a reduction in the parasite load (> 90% up to >99%). Terpenes also acted on the plasma membrane and DNA topoisomerase of the parasite, inducing apoptosis. Studies have also revealed the use of terpene carriers. This prevents the rapid excretion of drugs and releases them at the site of infection. The use of some terpene derivatives stood out for reducing toxicity. These positive actions of the treatment of VL with terpenes pave the way for other preclinical trials and provide a direction for human trials. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis. Terpenes. Treatment. Therapy. Herbal Medicines.
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne anthropozoonosis and is currently a public health problem, mainly because it is a neglected disease. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most serious and potentially fatal form. There are still no vaccines against human leishmaniasis, and chemotherapy is toxic and potentially teratogenic. Plants, used therapeutically for thousands of years, contribute to the search for new drugs against VL. Terpenes, one of the groups of secondary plant metabolites, have already had several activities described and were chosen to have their potential leishmanicidal effects in murine models systematically reviewed. Articles were searched in the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases. Thirty-four articles were included in the synthesis and later, a bias analysis was performed with the SYRCLE tool. In general, the treatment with terpenes showed no toxicity or the toxicity was negligible, resulting in an increase in the Th1-type immune response, a reduction in Th2 cytokines, an increase in the production of nitric oxide (NO) and a reduction in the parasite load (> 90% up to >99%). Terpenes also acted on the plasma membrane and DNA topoisomerase of the parasite, inducing apoptosis. Studies have also revealed the use of terpene carriers. This prevents the rapid excretion of drugs and releases them at the site of infection. The use of some terpene derivatives stood out for reducing toxicity. These positive actions of the treatment of VL with terpenes pave the way for other preclinical trials and provide a direction for human trials. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis. Terpenes. Treatment. Therapy. Herbal Medicines.
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RAIMUNDO, Vagner Dias. Efeitos dos terpenos no tratamento da leishmaniose visceral: uma revisão sistemática da evidência pré-clínica. 2022. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Celular e Estrutural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
