Potencial antifúngico de proteínas recombinantes de cacau no controle de Hemileia vastatrix, agente causador da ferrugem do cafeeiro
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A produção do café (Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora) é uma atividade agrícola de grande importância no Brasil e no mundo. A ferrugem do café, causada pelo fungo Hemileia vastatrix, é uma das principais ameaças às lavouras. Esse patógeno reduz a produtividade, impacta a qualidade e quantidade dos grãos e acarreta em grandes prejuízos econômicos. Os custos de controle e manejo são altos e, muitas vezes, ineficazes. A disseminação da ferrugem nas culturas cafeeiras destaca a necessidade de alternativas de controle mais eficazes e sustentáveis. Proteínas relacionadas à patogênese (PR) têm surgido como ferramentas promissoras no combate a doenças fúngicas em plantas, especialmente as famílias PR-10 e PR-4, que apresentam atividades ribonuclease, DNase e antifúngica. Estudos com as proteínas TcPR-10 e TcPR-4b em cacau (Theobroma cacao) demonstraram sua eficácia contra Moniliophthora perniciosa, fungo causador da vassoura-de-bruxa. Com base nesses resultados e na relevância econômica da ferrugem do café, este estudo propõe avaliar a atividade antifúngica das proteínas TcPR-10, em sua forma selvagem e modificada geneticamente, e TcPR-4b contra H. vastatrix. A metodologia inclui a otimização da expressão e purificação dessas proteínas, seguido de testes in vivo em plantas suscetíveis de café. Para avaliação, foram realizados oito tratamentos, entre eles controles de infecção, controles de interferência de soluções tampão e composição contendo as proteínas propriamente ditas. Ao fim de aproximadamente 45 dias, foi possível observar a evolução da infecção em cada um dos tratamentos e concluir que a aplicação das proteínas purificadas, em solução tampão fosfato de sódio (PBS), pode contribuir para o do período de incubação da doença e também do período latente. Outros testes poderão ser realizados para definir melhores condições de aplicação das proteínas, bem como avaliação dos efeitos de uma segunda dose de tratamento. Palavras-chave: Hemileia vastatrix; proteína; infecção; Coffea arabica; Theobroma cacao
Coffee (Coffea Arabica e Coffea canephora) production is an agricultural activity of great importance in Brazil and worldwide. Coffee rust, caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is the main threat to crops. This pathogen reduces productivity, impacts the quality and quantity of beans, and causes major economic losses. Control and management costs are high and often ineffective. Preventing rust in coffee crops highlights the need for more effective and sustainable control alternatives. Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins have emerged as promising tools in the fight against fungal diseases in plants. Particularly the PR-10 and PR-4 families, which have ribonuclease, DNase, and antifungal activities. Studies with the TcPR-10 and TcPR-4b proteins in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) have demonstrated their efficacy against Moniliophthora perniciosa, the fungus that causes witches' broom. Based on these results and the economic relevance of coffee rust, this study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of TcPR-10 proteins in their wild-type and genetically modified forms and TcPR-4b against H. vastatrix. The methodology includes the optimization of the expression and purification of these proteins, followed by in vivo tests on susceptible coffee plants. For the evaluation, eight treatments were performed, including infection controls, interference controls of resolved solutions and composition containing the proteins themselves. After approximately 45 days, it was possible to observe the evolution of the infection in each of the treatments and conclude that the application of the purified proteins in sodium phosphate solution (PBS) can contribute to the delay in the appearance of symptoms or to stop the infection. Other tests can be performed to define even more appropriate conditions for the application of the proteins, as well as to evaluate the effects of preventing infection when using a second dose of treatment. Keywords: Hemileia vastatrix; protein; infection; Coffea arabica; Theobroma cacao
Coffee (Coffea Arabica e Coffea canephora) production is an agricultural activity of great importance in Brazil and worldwide. Coffee rust, caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is the main threat to crops. This pathogen reduces productivity, impacts the quality and quantity of beans, and causes major economic losses. Control and management costs are high and often ineffective. Preventing rust in coffee crops highlights the need for more effective and sustainable control alternatives. Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins have emerged as promising tools in the fight against fungal diseases in plants. Particularly the PR-10 and PR-4 families, which have ribonuclease, DNase, and antifungal activities. Studies with the TcPR-10 and TcPR-4b proteins in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) have demonstrated their efficacy against Moniliophthora perniciosa, the fungus that causes witches' broom. Based on these results and the economic relevance of coffee rust, this study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of TcPR-10 proteins in their wild-type and genetically modified forms and TcPR-4b against H. vastatrix. The methodology includes the optimization of the expression and purification of these proteins, followed by in vivo tests on susceptible coffee plants. For the evaluation, eight treatments were performed, including infection controls, interference controls of resolved solutions and composition containing the proteins themselves. After approximately 45 days, it was possible to observe the evolution of the infection in each of the treatments and conclude that the application of the purified proteins in sodium phosphate solution (PBS) can contribute to the delay in the appearance of symptoms or to stop the infection. Other tests can be performed to define even more appropriate conditions for the application of the proteins, as well as to evaluate the effects of preventing infection when using a second dose of treatment. Keywords: Hemileia vastatrix; protein; infection; Coffea arabica; Theobroma cacao
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SCHITTINO, Luana Maria Pacheco. Potencial antifúngico de proteínas recombinantes de cacau no controle de Hemileia vastatrix, agente causador da ferrugem do cafeeiro. 2025. 48 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica e Biotecnologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
