Efeito do kefir de leite na histomorfometria intestinal e ação cerebral em camundongos knockout IL-10
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2023-01-27
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A inflamação intestinal contribui para o desequílibrio da microbiota intestinal, o que prejudica a produção de metabólitos utéis para o cérebro como os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC). O kefir é uma bebida probiótica, que se destaca por modular a microbiota intestinal e favorecer metabólitos neuroativos que melhoram a saúde cerebral. Contudo, os efeitos neuroprotetores do kefir e os mecanismos dos seus metabólitos sobre as funções cerebrais são pouco explorados, especialmente em modelo de inflamação intestinal (knockout IL-10). Neste estudo, investigou-se o consumo do kefir sobre a neuroproteção em camundongos knockout IL-10 e revisou- se os mecanismos do ácido butírico, sobre as funções cerebrais. Fez-se ensaio in vivo com camundongos C57BL-6 machos, divididos em quatro grupos com 5 animais em cada: grupo selvagem e água (WWT), que recebeu dieta comercial e água filtrada, grupo selvagem e kefir (KWT) que recebeu dieta comercial e kefir de leite, grupo knockout IL-10 e água (WKO), que consumiu dieta comercial e água filtrada, grupo knockout IL-10 e kefir (KKO), que consumiu dieta comercial e kefir de leite. Todos os animais receberam 0,1 ml/dia de kefir ou de água administrados por gavagem. Após a eutanásia, foram coletados os cérebros e intestinos delgados. Os tecidos cerebrais foram homogeneizados para análise de citocinas, atividade antioxidante e, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, enquanto os intestinos delgados foram utilizados para análises histológicas. O grupo KKO apresentou maior altura, área das vilosidades, e profundidade de criptas no intestino delgado comparado ao WKO. O consumo de kefir exibiu ações neuroprotetoras diretas por aumentar AGCC e reduzir malondialdeído no cérebro do grupo KKO. Entretanto, o consumo de kefir não reduziu o aumento das citocinas inflamatórias no cérebro dos animais knockout IL-10. Investigou-se pela primeira vez os efeitos do consumo de kefir de leite no cérebro de camundongos induzidos a inflamação intestinal utilizando modelo knockout IL-10 e verificou-se-se sua capacidade neuroprotetora indireta por melhorar a histologia intestinal e direta por favorecer os AGCC no cérebro. Além disso, os resultados reforçam o papel central da IL-10 para a homeostase imunológica, incluindo a homeostase cerebral, o que permite concluir que os efeitos neuroprotetores encontratos pelo consumo de kefir na infamação intestinal provavelmente serão pronunciados na presença de IL-10. Observou-se também, por meio de dados da literatura, que os mecanismos moleculares do butirato sobre as funções cerebrais envolvem pelo menos a combinação da sinalização do receptor acoplado à proteína G (GPCR) e epigenética. Palavras-chave: Kefir. Intestino-microbiota-cérebro. Ácidos graxos de cadeia curta. IL-10. Neuroproteção.
Intestinal inflammation contributes to the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota, which impairs the production of useful metabolites for the brain, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Kefir is a probiotic drink, which stands out for modulating the intestinal microbiota and favoring neuroactive metabolites that improve brain health. However, the neuroprotective effects of kefir and the mechanisms of its metabolites on brain functions are little explored, especially in a model of intestinal inflammation (IL-10 knockout). In this study, kefir consumption was investigated on neuroprotection in IL- 10 knockout mice and the mechanisms of butyric acid on brain functions were reviewed. An in vivo study was carried out with male C57BL-6 mice, divided into four groups with 5 animals each: wild type and water group (WWT), which received commercial diet and filtered water, wild type and kefir group (KWT) which received commercial diet and milk kefir, IL-10 knockout and water group (WKO), which consumed commercial diet and filtered water, IL-10 knockout and kefir group (KKO), which consumed commercial diet and milk kefir. All animals received 0.1 ml/day of kefir or water administered by gavage. After euthanasia, brains and small intestines were collected. Brain tissues were homogenized for analysis of cytokines, antioxidant activity, and short-chain fatty acids, while small intestines were used for histological analyses. The KKO group had greater height, villus area, and crypt depth in the small intestine compared to the WKO group. Kefir consumption exhibited direct neuroprotective actions by increasing SCFA and reducing malondialdehyde in the brain of the KKO group. However, kefir consumption did not reduce the increase in inflammatory cytokines in the brain of IL-10 knockout mice. The effects of milk kefir consumption on the brain of mice induced intestinal inflammation were investigated for the first time using an IL-10 knockout model, and its neuroprotective capacity was verified indirectly by improving intestinal histology and directly by favoring SCFA in the brain. Furthermore, the results reinforce the central role of IL-10 for immune homeostasis, including cerebral homeostasis, which allows to conclude that the neuroprotective effects found by kefir consumption on intestinal inflammation are probably to be pronounced in the presence of IL-10. It was also observed, through literature data, that the molecular mechanisms of butyrate on brain functions involve at least the combination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and epigenetics. Keywords: Kefir. Gut-microbiota-brain. Short-chain fatty acids. IL-10. Neuroprotection.
Intestinal inflammation contributes to the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota, which impairs the production of useful metabolites for the brain, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Kefir is a probiotic drink, which stands out for modulating the intestinal microbiota and favoring neuroactive metabolites that improve brain health. However, the neuroprotective effects of kefir and the mechanisms of its metabolites on brain functions are little explored, especially in a model of intestinal inflammation (IL-10 knockout). In this study, kefir consumption was investigated on neuroprotection in IL- 10 knockout mice and the mechanisms of butyric acid on brain functions were reviewed. An in vivo study was carried out with male C57BL-6 mice, divided into four groups with 5 animals each: wild type and water group (WWT), which received commercial diet and filtered water, wild type and kefir group (KWT) which received commercial diet and milk kefir, IL-10 knockout and water group (WKO), which consumed commercial diet and filtered water, IL-10 knockout and kefir group (KKO), which consumed commercial diet and milk kefir. All animals received 0.1 ml/day of kefir or water administered by gavage. After euthanasia, brains and small intestines were collected. Brain tissues were homogenized for analysis of cytokines, antioxidant activity, and short-chain fatty acids, while small intestines were used for histological analyses. The KKO group had greater height, villus area, and crypt depth in the small intestine compared to the WKO group. Kefir consumption exhibited direct neuroprotective actions by increasing SCFA and reducing malondialdehyde in the brain of the KKO group. However, kefir consumption did not reduce the increase in inflammatory cytokines in the brain of IL-10 knockout mice. The effects of milk kefir consumption on the brain of mice induced intestinal inflammation were investigated for the first time using an IL-10 knockout model, and its neuroprotective capacity was verified indirectly by improving intestinal histology and directly by favoring SCFA in the brain. Furthermore, the results reinforce the central role of IL-10 for immune homeostasis, including cerebral homeostasis, which allows to conclude that the neuroprotective effects found by kefir consumption on intestinal inflammation are probably to be pronounced in the presence of IL-10. It was also observed, through literature data, that the molecular mechanisms of butyrate on brain functions involve at least the combination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and epigenetics. Keywords: Kefir. Gut-microbiota-brain. Short-chain fatty acids. IL-10. Neuroprotection.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Kefir, Eixo encéfalo-intestino, Ácidos graxos, Interleucina-10, Neuroproteção
Citação
ALPINO, Gabriela de Cássia Ávila. Efeito do kefir de leite na histomorfometria intestinal e ação cerebral em camundongos knockout IL-10. 2023. 115 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.