Avaliação multianual e seleção intrafamiliar multicaractere em teste de progênie impulsionam o melhoramento genético da macaúba
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) é uma palmeira nativa neotropical com elevado potencial para produção de óleo destinado à bioenergia e à bioindústria. Apesar de seu potencial agronômico e ecológico, a espécie ainda se encontra em estágio inicial de domesticação, caracterizado por elevada heterogeneidade fenotípica e ausência de ciclos de seleção. Nesse contexto, a presente tese teve como objetivo consolidar bases genéticas para o avanço do melhoramento genético da macaúba, por meio da avaliação multianual da produção e da frutificação bienal, e aplicação de seleção intrafamiliar multicaractere. O estudo foi conduzido em teste de progênie composto por 36 progênies de meios-irmãos, avaliadas em delineamento em blocos casualizados no município de Araponga, Minas Gerais. A produção de frutos foi analisada ao longo de seis anos consecutivos (2019-2024), permitindo estimar componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos via modelos mistos REML/BLUP, além de caracterizar a frutificação bienal por meio de correlações fenotípicas. Foram avaliados 16 caracteres associados à produção de óleo, com estimativas de componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos, complementadas por análises multivariadas e aplicação de índice de seleção. Foi detectada variabilidade genética para a maioria dos caracteres avaliados, com herdabilidade no sentido amplo de 0,36 para o componente intrafamiliar e valores variando de 0,10 a 0,34 entre os multicaracteres. Observou-se padrão consistente de bienalidade negativa, caracterizado por alternância entre anos de alta e baixa produção, sem associação linear com precipitação anual acumulada. A seleção intrafamiliar em quatro progênies superiores resultou em ganho genético estimado de 30,12% para produção de frutos. A análise multivariada revelou forte associação entre a maioria dos caracteres biométricos do fruto, enquanto o teor de óleo apresentou comportamento mais independente em relação aos demais caracteres avaliados. A aplicação de índice de seleção permitiu identificar quatro indivíduos superiores, com ganhos estimados de 24,46% para produção de óleo por planta e 3,11% para índice de massa processável. Conjuntamente, os resultados demonstram que a macaúba apresenta base genética suficiente para responder à seleção. A integração entre avaliações multianuais, modelagem por REML/BLUP e seleção intrafamiliar multicaractere constituiestratégia eficiente para a estruturação de população superior no programa de melhoramento da espécie. Palavras-chave: Acrocomia aculeata; bienalidade; herdabilidade; modelos mistos; REML/BLUP.
The macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is a native Neotropical palm with high potential for oil production destined for bioenergy and bioindustry. Despite its agronomic and ecological potential, the species is still in an early stage of domestication, characterized by high phenotypic heterogeneity and the absence of selection cycles. In this context, this thesis aimed to consolidate genetic bases for the advancement of macauba genetic improvement, through multiannual evaluation of production and biennial fruiting, and application of multi-trait intrafamily selection. The study was conducted in a progeny test composed of 36 half-sib progenies, evaluated in a randomized block design in the municipality of Araponga, Minas Gerais. Fruit production was analyzed over six consecutive years (2019-2024), allowing for the estimation of variance components and genetic parameters via REML/BLUP mixed models, as well as characterizing biennial fruiting through phenotypic correlations. Sixteen traits associated with oil production were evaluated, with estimates of variance components and genetic parameters, complemented by multivariate analyses and application of a selection index. Genetic variability was detected for most of the evaluated traits, with a broad-sense heritability of 0.36 for the intrafamilial component and values ranging from 0.10 to 0.34 across the evaluated traits. A consistent pattern of negative biennial bearing was observed, characterized by alternating years of high and low production, without a linear association with accumulated annual rainfall. Intrafamilial selection in four superior progenies resulted in an estimated genetic gain of 30.12% for fruit production. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong association between most of the fruit's biometric characteristics, while oil content showed more independent behavior in relation to the other evaluated characteristics. The application of a selection index allowed the identification of four superior individuals, with estimated gains of 24.46% for oil production per plant and 3.11% for processable mass index. Taken together, the results demonstrate that macauba has a sufficient genetic base to respond to selection. The integration between multiannual evaluations, REML/BLUP modeling, and multi-trait intrafamily selection constitutes an efficient strategy for structuring a superior population in the species' breeding program.Keywords: Acrocomia aculeata; biennial bearing; heritability; mixed models; REML/BLUP.
The macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is a native Neotropical palm with high potential for oil production destined for bioenergy and bioindustry. Despite its agronomic and ecological potential, the species is still in an early stage of domestication, characterized by high phenotypic heterogeneity and the absence of selection cycles. In this context, this thesis aimed to consolidate genetic bases for the advancement of macauba genetic improvement, through multiannual evaluation of production and biennial fruiting, and application of multi-trait intrafamily selection. The study was conducted in a progeny test composed of 36 half-sib progenies, evaluated in a randomized block design in the municipality of Araponga, Minas Gerais. Fruit production was analyzed over six consecutive years (2019-2024), allowing for the estimation of variance components and genetic parameters via REML/BLUP mixed models, as well as characterizing biennial fruiting through phenotypic correlations. Sixteen traits associated with oil production were evaluated, with estimates of variance components and genetic parameters, complemented by multivariate analyses and application of a selection index. Genetic variability was detected for most of the evaluated traits, with a broad-sense heritability of 0.36 for the intrafamilial component and values ranging from 0.10 to 0.34 across the evaluated traits. A consistent pattern of negative biennial bearing was observed, characterized by alternating years of high and low production, without a linear association with accumulated annual rainfall. Intrafamilial selection in four superior progenies resulted in an estimated genetic gain of 30.12% for fruit production. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong association between most of the fruit's biometric characteristics, while oil content showed more independent behavior in relation to the other evaluated characteristics. The application of a selection index allowed the identification of four superior individuals, with estimated gains of 24.46% for oil production per plant and 3.11% for processable mass index. Taken together, the results demonstrate that macauba has a sufficient genetic base to respond to selection. The integration between multiannual evaluations, REML/BLUP modeling, and multi-trait intrafamily selection constitutes an efficient strategy for structuring a superior population in the species' breeding program.Keywords: Acrocomia aculeata; biennial bearing; heritability; mixed models; REML/BLUP.
Description
Citation
RIBEIRO, Ana Carolina Melo. Avaliação multianual e seleção intrafamiliar multicaractere em teste de progênie impulsionam o melhoramento genético da macaúba. 2026. 74 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
