Extração de polissacarídeos da goma do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) e desenvolvimento de nanoemulsão de cinamaldeído através de ultrassom
Data
2022-08-23
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O ultrassom de alta intensidade (UAI) têm sido descrito como uma tecnologia “verde”, emergente e promissora para aplicação em múltiplos processos químicos, cuja aplicação se estende, desde adjuvante na extração de biomacromoléculas até no preparo de sistemas coloidais. No entanto, não há relatos na literatura da aplicação dessa tecnologia na obtenção de carboidratos (CT) e extrato seco total (EST) do exsudato da Anacardium occidentale L., assim como do processo de elaboração de uma nanoemulsão de cinamaldeído (NNC). Diante do exposto, o objetivo central deste trabalho foi investigar a versatilidade da aplicação do UAI nos processos extrativos de polissacarídeos do exsudato da Anacardium occidentale L. e de elaboração de nanoemulsão de cinamaldeído, assim como otimizar as variáveis operacionais específicas e inerentes a cada processo, fornecendo assim, informações úteis para a obtenção dos produtos (CT e EST) e sistema (NNC) supracitados, oportunizando desse modo um melhor aproveitamento da tecnologia empregada na obtenção de produtos de alto valor e amplo interesse. Para a execução do estudo proposto, foi utilizada a metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR), por meio do delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR) como ferramenta estatística para a modelagem matemática e predição das variáveis operacionais que exercem efeito potencial no processo de extração de carboidratos e extrato seco total do exsudato da Anacardium occidentale L., assim como no processo de elaboração de uma nanoemulsão de cinamaldeído. Os resultados da extração assistida por ultrassom (EAU) de CT e EST propôs como condições ideais, via função de desejabilidade, foram 720 W, 45 min, 30°C e 25 mL.g -1 . O teste T detectou diferença significativa (p < 0,05) ao comparar o método clássico e o assistido por ultrassom, este último promoveu incrementos de 7% e 3,31% para CT e EST, além de ter proporcionado uma redução significativa do tempo de processamento e manutenção da composição monossacarídica, das propriedades físico-químicas, do perfil estrutural, microestrutural e morfológico típico16 dessas macromoléculas do exsudato da Anacardium occidentale L. Com relação ao processo de elaboração da NNC assistido por ultrassom, foi observado que, independentemente do tempo ultrassônico utilizado na sonicação, os menores valores para o diâmetro hidrodinâmico e a turbidez das nanoemulsões, foram obtidos em condições otimizadas com baixa amplitude da potência ultrassônica. As NNC foram caracterizadas como monodispersas, devido ao baixo índice de polidispersidade, observou-se ainda que os teores de compostos fenólicos totais foram preservados durante o processo de obtenção, aliado a isso, foi identificada uma considerável atividade antibacteriana das NNC contra os seguintes microrganismos, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua e Salmonella choleraesuis. Logo, foi possível, por meio da MSR, propor as condições operacionais ideais, tanto para a extração de CT e EST, quando para o preparo do sistema coloidal descrito como NNC. De modo geral, os resultados foram satisfatórios e direcionaram os processos assistidos por ultrassom sob condições otimizadas e confirmaram a versatilidade e potencial tecnológico do UAI aplicado em diferentes sistemas. Palavras-chave: Biomacromolécula. Nanoemulsão. Otimização. Ultrassom.
High-intensity ultrasound (UAI) has been described as a "green" technology, emerging and promising to apply in multiple chemical processes, which can be used as application extends from adjuvant in the extraction of biomacromolecules and for preparation of colloidal systems. However, there are no reports in the literature using ultrasound to obtain carbohydrates (TC) and total dry extract (TDS) from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L., as well as of the elaboration process of a cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (NNC). In this context,, the main objective of this work was to investigate the versatility of the application of UAI in the extraction processes of polysaccharides from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L. and the elaboration of cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion, as well as to optimize the specific operational variables inherent to each process, thus providing useful information for obtaining the products (CT and EST) and system (NNC) mentioned above, thus providing a better use of the technology used to obtain products of high value and broad interest. For the execution of the proposed study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used, through the central composite rotational design (DCCR) as a statistical tool for mathematical modeling and prediction of operational variables that exert potential effect on the extraction process of carbohydrates and total dry extract from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L., as well as in the elaboration process of a cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion. The results of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of CT and EST proposed as optimal conditions, via desirability function, were 720 W, 45 min, 30°C, and 25 mL.g-1. The T test detected significant difference (p < 0.05) when comparing the classical method and the ultrasound-assisted one, the latter promoted increments of 7% and 3.31% for CT and EST, besides having provided a significant reduction in processing time and maintenance of the monosaccharide composition, physicochemical properties, structural, microstructural, and morphological profile typical of these macromolecules from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L.16 Regarding the ultrasound-assisted NNC elaboration process, it was observed that, regardless of the ultrasonic time used in sonication, the lowest values for hydrodynamic diameter and turbidity of the nanoemulsions, were obtained under optimized conditions with low amplitude of ultrasonic power. The CNN were characterized as monodisperse, due to the low polydispersity index, it was also observed that the contents of total phenolic compounds were preserved during the process of obtaining, together with this, a considerable antibacterial activity of the CNN was identified against the following microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua and Salmonella choleraesuis. Therefore, it was possible, by means of MSR, to propose the optimal operational conditions, both for the extraction of CT and TSS, and for the preparation of the colloidal system described as NNC. Overall, the results were satisfactory and directed the ultrasound-assisted processes under optimized conditions and confirmed the versatility and technological potential to apply UAE in different systems. Keywords: Biomacromolecule. Nanoemulsion. Optimization. Ultrasound.
High-intensity ultrasound (UAI) has been described as a "green" technology, emerging and promising to apply in multiple chemical processes, which can be used as application extends from adjuvant in the extraction of biomacromolecules and for preparation of colloidal systems. However, there are no reports in the literature using ultrasound to obtain carbohydrates (TC) and total dry extract (TDS) from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L., as well as of the elaboration process of a cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (NNC). In this context,, the main objective of this work was to investigate the versatility of the application of UAI in the extraction processes of polysaccharides from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L. and the elaboration of cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion, as well as to optimize the specific operational variables inherent to each process, thus providing useful information for obtaining the products (CT and EST) and system (NNC) mentioned above, thus providing a better use of the technology used to obtain products of high value and broad interest. For the execution of the proposed study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used, through the central composite rotational design (DCCR) as a statistical tool for mathematical modeling and prediction of operational variables that exert potential effect on the extraction process of carbohydrates and total dry extract from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L., as well as in the elaboration process of a cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion. The results of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of CT and EST proposed as optimal conditions, via desirability function, were 720 W, 45 min, 30°C, and 25 mL.g-1. The T test detected significant difference (p < 0.05) when comparing the classical method and the ultrasound-assisted one, the latter promoted increments of 7% and 3.31% for CT and EST, besides having provided a significant reduction in processing time and maintenance of the monosaccharide composition, physicochemical properties, structural, microstructural, and morphological profile typical of these macromolecules from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L.16 Regarding the ultrasound-assisted NNC elaboration process, it was observed that, regardless of the ultrasonic time used in sonication, the lowest values for hydrodynamic diameter and turbidity of the nanoemulsions, were obtained under optimized conditions with low amplitude of ultrasonic power. The CNN were characterized as monodisperse, due to the low polydispersity index, it was also observed that the contents of total phenolic compounds were preserved during the process of obtaining, together with this, a considerable antibacterial activity of the CNN was identified against the following microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua and Salmonella choleraesuis. Therefore, it was possible, by means of MSR, to propose the optimal operational conditions, both for the extraction of CT and TSS, and for the preparation of the colloidal system described as NNC. Overall, the results were satisfactory and directed the ultrasound-assisted processes under optimized conditions and confirmed the versatility and technological potential to apply UAE in different systems. Keywords: Biomacromolecule. Nanoemulsion. Optimization. Ultrasound.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ultrasom - Aplicações Cientificas, Polissacarideos, Biomoleculas, Macromoleculas, Aldeídos, Caju
Citação
RIBEIRO, Alane Rafaela Costa. Extração de polissacarídeos da goma do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) e desenvolvimento de nanoemulsão de cinamaldeído através de ultrassom. 2022. 194 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
