Explorando o potencial genético de rizóbios: uma abordagem sobre Elementos Integrativos e Conjugativos (ICEs) e Elementos Mobilizáveis Integrativos (IMEs)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A demanda por fertilizantes, representa um dos maiores desafios globais devido ao alto custo e potencial de contaminação ambiental, impactando negativamente a agricultura e colocando em risco a segurança alimentar mundial. Por outro lado, prevê-se que a produção agrícola precise aumentar 60% até 2050 para atender a crescente demanda, o que torna urgente o desenvolvimento de soluções sustentáveis. Neste contexto, a biotecnologia agrícola, com ênfase no uso de microrganismos promotores de crescimento de planta, surge como uma abordagem promissora, por serem ecologicamente sustentável com baixo impacto ambiental. Os Elementos Integrativos e Conjugativos (ICEs) e os Elementos Mobilizáveis e Integrativos (IMEs) nos genomas de rizóbios, especialmente da família Rhizobiaceae, apresentam um repertório de genes acessórios com potencial para promover o crescimento vegetal, hipótese investigada por meio de análises in silico que incluíram a caracterização de ICEs e IMEs em genomas bacterianos. Os ICEs, elementos genéticos móveis capazes de realizar transferência horizontal de genes por conjugação, emergem como candidatos promissores para o desenvolvimento de bioinoculantes eficientes e bioprodutos agrícolas sustentáveis. Nossas análises in silico fornecem indícios iniciais de que esses elementos podem abrigar genes com funções relevantes, mas sua efetividade prática dependerá de validações experimentais em estudos futuros. Neste trabalho, 568 genomas completos de rizóbios foram investigados quanto à presença de ICEs e IMEs, utilizando softwares como ICEfinder, OriTfinder, CONJScan e Geneious Prime. Foram identificados 329 ICEs putativos, cuja localização cromossômica foi confirmada e cuja presença de componentes essenciais, como o sistema de secreção do tipo IV (T4SS) foi analisada. Os resultados revelam uma distribuição variada dos ICEs e IMEs entre os gêneros, com destaque para Bradyrhizobium, onde foi identificado o maior número de ICEs (173), seguido por Agrobacterium (51) e Rhizobium (33). Os resultados indicaram que as bactérias estudadas apresentam alta ocorrência de ICEs e IMEs, com diversidade notável entre gêneros e espécies, especialmente no gênero Bradyrhizobium que possui uma maior diversidade de genes cargo, o que pode contribuir para sua adaptabilidade em diferentes ecossistemas.Palavras-chave: conjugação genômica; mobiloma; promoção de crescimento vegetal.
The demand for fertilizers represents one of the greatest global challenges due to their high cost and potential for environmental contamination, negatively impacting agriculture and jeopardizing global food security. On the other hand, agricultural production is projected to increase by 60% by 2050 to meet growing demand, making the development of sustainable solutions urgent. In this context, agricultural biotechnology, with an emphasis on plant growth-promoting microorganisms, emerges as a promising approach due to its ecological sustainability and low environmental impact. Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) and Integrative and Mobilizable Elements (IMEs) in the genomes of rhizobia, particularly those of the Rhizobiaceae family, harbor a repertoire of accessory genes with potential for promoting plant growth—a hypothesis investigated through in silico analyses that included the characterization of ICEs and IMEs in bacterial genomes. ICEs, mobile genetic elements capable of horizontal gene transfer via conjugation, emerge as promising candidates for the development of efficient bioinoculants and sustainable agricultural bioproducts. Our in silico analyses provide initial evidence that these elements may carry genes with relevant functions, but their practical effectiveness will depend on experimental validation in future studies. In this study, 568 complete rhizobial genomes were screened for the presence of ICEs and IMEs using software such as ICEfinder, OriTfinder, CONJScan, and Geneious Prime. A total of 329 putative ICEs were identified, with their chromosomal location confirmed and essential components, such as the type IV secretion system (T4SS), analyzed. The results reveal a variable distribution of ICEs and IMEs across genera, with Bradyrhizobium standing out as the genus containing the highest number of ICEs (173), followed by Agrobacterium (51) and Rhizobium (33). The results indicated that the studied bacteria exhibit a high occurrence of ICEs and IMEs, with notable diversity among genera and species, especially in the genus Bradyrhizobium which possesses greater cargo gene diversity, which may contribute to its adaptability in different ecosystems.Keywords: genomic conjugation; mobilome; plant growth promotion.
The demand for fertilizers represents one of the greatest global challenges due to their high cost and potential for environmental contamination, negatively impacting agriculture and jeopardizing global food security. On the other hand, agricultural production is projected to increase by 60% by 2050 to meet growing demand, making the development of sustainable solutions urgent. In this context, agricultural biotechnology, with an emphasis on plant growth-promoting microorganisms, emerges as a promising approach due to its ecological sustainability and low environmental impact. Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) and Integrative and Mobilizable Elements (IMEs) in the genomes of rhizobia, particularly those of the Rhizobiaceae family, harbor a repertoire of accessory genes with potential for promoting plant growth—a hypothesis investigated through in silico analyses that included the characterization of ICEs and IMEs in bacterial genomes. ICEs, mobile genetic elements capable of horizontal gene transfer via conjugation, emerge as promising candidates for the development of efficient bioinoculants and sustainable agricultural bioproducts. Our in silico analyses provide initial evidence that these elements may carry genes with relevant functions, but their practical effectiveness will depend on experimental validation in future studies. In this study, 568 complete rhizobial genomes were screened for the presence of ICEs and IMEs using software such as ICEfinder, OriTfinder, CONJScan, and Geneious Prime. A total of 329 putative ICEs were identified, with their chromosomal location confirmed and essential components, such as the type IV secretion system (T4SS), analyzed. The results reveal a variable distribution of ICEs and IMEs across genera, with Bradyrhizobium standing out as the genus containing the highest number of ICEs (173), followed by Agrobacterium (51) and Rhizobium (33). The results indicated that the studied bacteria exhibit a high occurrence of ICEs and IMEs, with notable diversity among genera and species, especially in the genus Bradyrhizobium which possesses greater cargo gene diversity, which may contribute to its adaptability in different ecosystems.Keywords: genomic conjugation; mobilome; plant growth promotion.
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LIMA, Luiza Maria Oliveira de. Explorando o potencial genético de rizóbios: uma abordagem sobre Elementos Integrativos e Conjugativos (ICEs) e Elementos Mobilizáveis Integrativos (IMEs). 2025. 64 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
